play
Legal options are:
<h4>SCOT</h4>
trash-course
`How-to-learn-Scot-in-10-seconds'
:
Scot is an interpreted language to represent musical scores.
The following notations can be used:
<ul><li>
pitch:
Just use the characters [abcdefg], with the 'r' for a rest, '#' for a sharp and '-'
for a flat. The following will play a G major scale (note the f#),
a rest (note the 'r') and a F minor scale (note the b-).
</ul> <h4>NOTES</h4>
If you want to exented your personal hush interpreter with
the play command, you might want to read player(4).
The first time you use the play command, csound is started
and the orchestra file will be compiled.
This might take a few seconds.
<h4>KEYWORDS</h4>
audio, csound, hush, hymne, Tcl
<h4>SEE ALSO</h4>
audio(l), hush(1), hymne(1), player(4), Tcl(1)
<hr>
[.]
Papers
Tutorials
Examples
Manuals
Interfaces
Sources
Packages
Resources
?
<hr>
<table cellpadding=10>
<tr>
<td>
<address>
Hush Online Technology
</address>
hush@cs.vu.nl
<br>09/24/99
</td><td>
<img src=../../../../@share/base/eye.gif width=30 height=30>
</td>
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<td>
<img src=../../../../@share/images/griff.gif>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
OPTIONS
Note: this will be translated to:
% play -raw score{<instrument> t<tempo> cdefgabc}
.if
<ul><li>
-raw <scot_fragment>
As could be seen in the example above, a score fragment will be
translated by the player to a complete Scot
score{<instrument><tempo> <notes>} fragment,
using a default instrument and tempo.
In contrast, the -raw option will pass any following command unmodified
to the Scot interpreter.
For Scot/Tcl experts only. Remember to escape special
Tcl characters like '\$'. (and often '{' and '}' )
Example:
</ul> % play -raw "functions{f1 0 1024 10 1}" # Create a wavetable
.if
<ul><li>
-num <numeric score>
This option will pass <numeric score> directly to the csound
interpreter, bypassing the Scot translator. Very low level.
Almost assembler. You might want to use it if the sound you
want to make can not be expressed by the Scot language.
For Csound experts only.
The Csound Standard Numeric Score Language is
defined in the Csound manual. Example:
</ul> % play -num {i1 0 2 0 8.00}
.if
<ul><li>
-reset
Will reset both the csound and scot process. If anything else fails...
<li>
-events
Will return the number of note events started by csound.
<li>
-tables
Will return the number of wave table events started by csound.
<li>
-trace
Will enter debug mode.
<li>
-notrace
Will leave debug mode.
<li>
-orchestra <filename>
Will load an orchestra file.
An orchestra defines the instruments used by csound.
Without an argument, the current orchestra will be returned.
If there is no orchestra defined yet, the system will
use a default one and the value "implied" will be returned.
Note: Defining your own instruments is fun and not very difficult.
The Csound manual will offer you an extensive tutorial.
<li>
-instrument <name>
Sets the default instrument used by play (see above)
Without an argument, it returns the current instrument
<li>
-tempo <value>
Sets the default tempo used by play (see above)
Without an argument, it returns the current tempo.
Tempo is expressed by an positive integer value, denoting
the number of beats per minute. This value defaults to 60,
which means that a quarter note will have a duration of 1.0 second.
</ul>
% play gabcdef#grfgab-cdef
.if
If you want to, you might use '##' and '--' for double sharp and falt, resp.
A natural can be represented by a 'n'.
<ul><li>
duration:
Initially, the duration of the notes will be set to 1/4th (a crotchet)
For a note of duration 1/n, write n before the pitch:
</ul>
% play 16efgged8c
.if
<ul><li>
octaves:
Use "," to decrement the current octave and "'" to increment.
Octave indication must follow a duration indication, but precede
the letter denotating the pitch. The initial octave is the octave
around middle c. You can return to this initial actave by typing '='
See "octave following" for details.
</ul>
% play c'c'cc=c,c
.if
<ul><li>
"octave following":
A peculiar but extremely useful feature of Scot is called "octave
following". By default, a pitch lies "in the interval of an augmented
forth of the previous note (...) For example, if the first note
of an instrument is notated g flat, the scot program assigns the
pitch corresponding to the g flat below middle c. On the other hand,
if the first note is a f sharp the pitch assigned will be the f sharp
above middle c." (from the Csound manual, page 71)
Example
</ul>
% play cegc
.if
Note: the last C is one octave higher than the first.
<ul><li>
chords:
A '<' between two fragments causes the two fragments to be played
simultaneously.
Example:
</ul>
% play c<e<g
.if
plays a C major chord.
<ul><li>
tempo:
Initially, the tempo is set to 60 beats/minute (i.e. a quarter note lasts
one second). You might alter the tempo by use of the 't' command,
followed by a integer representing the number of beates/minute.
To double the tempo:
</ul>
% play "t120 c<e<g" ;# or
% play "t500 aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ;# Automatic gun ...
.if
<ul><li>
bars:
You can use "/" to denote the end of a bar. If you stated the time,
Scot will check whether the total duration of a bar will match that
time, so using bars and time makes it easier to detect (type) errors.
Example:
</ul> % play {!time"4/4" 4abcd/abc/d}
Scot stderr: (32) Wrong number of beats in bar
Scot stderr: score{ \$i1 !time"4/4" 4abcd/abc/d}
Scot stderr: ^
.if
<ul><li>
ties:
You might tie a note by '__'. Scot will generate one event
with a duration equal of the sum of the durations of the two tied notes.
The folling two commands are equivalent:
</ul> % play 4abc
% play 4ab8c__c
.if