In this page you will find my papers on:

Back to Frank's home page

• Approximate reasoning,
• Semantic Web
• Medical Protocols
• Popularising stuff

• Specification languages for KBS,
• Validation & verification of KBS,
• Reasoning about diagnostic systems
• Meta-reasoning and reflection

Recent publications

Presentations

Approximate Reasoning

Towards a Structured Analysis of Approximate Problem Solving: a Case Study in Classification (KR'04)

Perry Groot, Annette ten Teije and Frank van Harmelen

This article shows how to do a structured analysis of the use of an approximate entailment method for approximate problem solving, by combining theoretical with empirical analysis. We present a concrete case study of our approach by aplying a generic approximate deduction method proposed by Cadoli and Schaerf to construct an approximate version of classification reasoning.
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Sixteenth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'04).

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A quantitative analysis of the robustness of Knowledge-Based Systems through degradation studies (KAIS'03)

Perry Groot, Annette ten Teije, and Frank van Harmelen

We show how quantitive measures for the robustness of KBS can be obtained through degradation studies (did I just repeat the title? ). How does the system behave under incomplete/incorrect input, and incomplete/incorrect knowledge?
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Fifteenth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'03).

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Approximating Terminological Queries (FQAS'02)

H. Stuckenschmidt, F. van Harmelen

Terminological queries (= querying an ontology) will be a crucial task on the Semantic Web. In many circumstances, we cannot afford to compute precise and complete answers. We propose some reasonable approximations of terminological queries, and show how such approximate queries can be constructed from the original full query.

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Torture tests: a quantitative analysis for the robustness of Knowledge-Based Systems (EKAW'00)

P. Groot, F. van Harmelen, A. ten Teije.

Proposes a method to obtain quantitative measures for the robustness of a KBS, by measuring how a system performs when confronted with input of degrading quality. We use measures of recall and precision to formalise the performance degradation, and apply these measures to a large KBS for plant-classification
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Twelfth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'00).

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Anytime Diagnostic Reasoning using Approximate Boolean Constraint Propagation (KR'00)

Alan Verberne, Frank van Harmelen and Annette ten Teije

In this paper we study the effects of replacing the logical entailment relation with an approximate version of the entailment relation, in particular an approximate version of Boolean Constraint Propagation (BCP). It is similar to the study we performed in our KR'96 paper, but using a different approximate entailment relation, and getting rather different results.

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Describing Problem Solving Methods using Anytime Performance profiles (ECAI'00)

Annette ten Teije and Frank van Harmelen,

We show how dynamic behaviour of problem-solving methods can be captured in axiomatically described anytime performance profiles, and illustrate this with realistic problem solving methods (from VT, XCON, MDX, GDE).
An earlier version of this paper appeared in the proceedings of the IJCAI'99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem Solving Methods.
A 2 page abstract of this has appeared in the proceedings of the Belgian-Dutch National Conference on AI (BNAIC'99).

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Characterising approximate problem-solving by partial pre- and postconditions (ECAI'98)

Frank van Harmelen and Annette ten Teije,

We introduce a framework in which we are able to characterise partially fulfilled pre- and postconditions, and their relation to each other. We also present the proof obligations that must be met when using programs under partially fulfilled preconditions.

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Characterising Problem Solving Methods by gradual requirements: (KAW'98)

Annette ten Teije, Frank van Harmelen.

In this paper we show that the current theory on problem-solving methods is not strong enough, and does not allow the characterisation of many natural problem-solving methods. Secondly, we show that characterisations of problem-solving methods should be stated in gradual terms, and not in terms of yes/no requirements.
This paper has also been presented at the KEML'98 workshop in Karlsruhe.

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Exploiting domain knowledge for approximate diagnosis (IJCAI'97)

Annette ten Teije and Frank van Harmelen,

We show how a notion of approximate diagnosis can be exploited in various diagnostic strategies, yielding (among other things) any-time diagnostic algorithms. We illustrate these strategies by performing diagnosis in a small car domain example.
An earlier version of this paper appeared in The proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis (DX'96), Val Morin, Montreal, October 1996.

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Computing approximate diagnoses by using approximate entailment (KR'96)

Annette ten Teije and Frank van Harmelen

We use results on approximations of propositional deduction to obtain approximate notions of diagnosis. We derive theorems stating properties of such approximate diagnoses, and show how these can be exploited to obtain efficient anytime diagnostic algorithms.
A shorter version of this paper (basically without the proofs) has appeared in the proceedings of the Dutch National Conference on AI (NAIC'96).
An earlier version has appeared in the proceedings of the ECAI'96 workshop on Advances in Propositional Reasoning. This version has some slight technical mistakes in it, but presents results on an extended notion of diagnosis which includes both an abductive and a consistency-based component.

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Approximations in diagnosis: motivations and techniques (SARA'95)

Frank van Harmelen and Annette ten Teije

Our first steps in thinking about: why different definitions of diagnosis should be seen as mutual approximations, reasons for choosing among such approximations, different techniques for obtaining approximations, and a classification of such techniques.

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It's a Streaming World! Reasoning upon Rapidly Changing Information (IEEE IS'09)

Emanuele Della Valle, Stefano Ceri, Frank van Harmelen, Dieter Fensel

Stream reasoning, an unexplored yet high impact research area, is a new multidisciplinary approach that aims to provide the abstractions, foundations, methods, and tools required to integrate data streams, the Semantic Web, and reasoning systems. We describe two concrete examples of stream-reasoning applications and introduce stream-reasoning research problems. We also present a list of research areas that we believe should be investigated to turn stream reasoning into a reality.

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Scalable Distributed Reasoning using MapReduce (ISWC'09)

Jacopo Urbani, Spyros Kotoulas, Eyal Oren, and Frank van Harmelen

We show how to use the MapReduce framework for parallel computing to realise a very high speed RDFS inference engine (pumping out 8M inferences per second!)

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Knowledge Engineering rediscovered: Towards Reasoning Patterns for the Semantic Web (KCAP'09)

Frank van Harmelen and Annette ten Teije and Holger Wache

We argue that many lessons from Knowledge Engineering could (and should) be applied to Semantic Web work, in order to discover reusable reasoning patterns.

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The Free Speech Engine: Conversational web service compatibility for free (SWWS'09)

Ruud Stegers, Frank van Harmelen and Annette ten Teije

The Free Speech Engine is a collaboration mechanism for web-services based on the notion of a shared communication-space, which allows much more flexible interactions than the classical protocol-based approaches.

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Marvin: distributed reasoning over large-scale Semantic Web data (JWS'09)

Eyal Orena, Spyros Kotoulasa, George Anadiotisb, Ronny Siebesa, Annette ten Teijea, Frank van Harmelena

Describes our mold-breaking architecture for an "eventually complete", anytime, P2P-based inference engine (for RDF, OWL, or other formalisms).

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MARVIN: A platform for large-scale analysis of Semantic Web data (WebScience'09)

Eyal Oren, Spyros Kotoulas, George Anadiotis, Ronny Siebes, Annette ten Teije, and Frank van Harmelen

Describes the MaRVIN P2P platform for large scale processing of Semantic Web data.

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Ontology Management (SEKTBook'09)

Eyal Oren, Spyros Kotoulas, George Anadiotis, Ronny Siebes, Annette ten Teije, and Frank van Harmelen

We present a generic system architecture for an ontology management infrastructure that supports the construction of semantic applications.

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Using Semantic Distances for Reasoning with Inconsistent Ontologies (ISWC'08)

Zhisheng Huang and Frank van Harmelen

We show how to use Google distance as a heuristic for reasoning over inconsistent ontologies.

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Using multiple ontologies as background knowledge in ontology matching (CISWeb'08)

Zharko Aleksovski, Warner ten Kate, Frank van Harmelen

From earlier papers, we know that using background knowledge can improve ontology matching. In this paper we show that "more is better": adding more ontologies as background increases the recall monotonically, the the precision depends on the quality of the added background knowledge.

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Towards LarKC: a Platform forWeb-scale Reasoning (ICSC'08)

Dieter Fensel, Frank van Harmelen and many others

We outline the general motivation and ideas behind LarKC, the Large Knowledge Collider: why we need to deal with massively scaleable semantic web reasoning, and how we intend to achieve it: distribution, parallelisation, and reasoning methods that break the strictly logical mould, trading soundness and completeness for efficiency by being approximate, anytime and incomplete

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Searching the news: Using a rich ontology with time-bound roles to search through annotated newspaper archives. (ICA'08)

Wouter van Atteveldt, Nel Ruigrok, Stefan Schlobach, Frank van Harmelen

News frames and other concepts relevant to communication science can often be identified as patterns on Semantic Networks. This paper presents a high-level query language in which such patterns can be defined, and a web application for querying, analyzing, and visualizing Semantic Network repositories using these patterns.

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Semantic web technologies as the foundation for the information infrastructure (Spatial'08)

Frank van Harmelen

We analyse the essential ingredients of semantic technologies, what them suitable as the foundation for the Information Infrastructure. We survey the most important achievements on semantic technologies in the past few years, and point to the most important challenges that remain to be solved.

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Reasoning about Repairability of Workflows at Design Time (BPM'08 WS)

Gaston Tagni, Annette ten Teije and Frank van Harmelen

We describe an approach for reasoning about the repairability of work flows at design time. We propose a heuristic-based analysis of a work flow that aims at evaluating its definition, considering different design aspects and characteristics that affect its repairability.
This paper was elected by the workshop organisers as the best worskhop paper.

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Retrieval of Case Law to Provide Layman with Information about Liability: Preliminary Results of the BEST-Project (CMoL'08)

Elizabeth Uijttenbroek, Arno Lodder, Michel Klein, Gwen Wildeboer, Wouter Van Steenbergen, Rory Sie, Paul Huygen and Frank van Harmelen

We try to provide laymen with information about their legal position in a liability case, based on retrieved case law, by (1) analyzing the input of a layman in terms of a layman ontology, (2) mapping this ontology to a legal ontology, (3) retrieve relevant case law based, and finally (4) present the results in a comprehensible way to the layman.

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Dynamic Aspects of OPJK Legal Ontology (CMoL'08)

Zhisheng Huang, Stefan Schlobach, Frank van Harmelen, Nuria Casellas, Pompeu Casanovas

We show how a temporal logic approach can be used to obtain a better understanding of dynamic and temporal evolution of legal ontologies.

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Anytime Classification by Ontology Approximation (ISWC'07 Reasoning WS)

S. Schlobach, E. Blaauw, M. El Kebir, A. ten Teije, F. van Harmelen, S. Bortoli, M. Hobbelman, K. Millian, Y. Ren, S. Stam, P. Thomassen, R. van het Schip, W. van Willigem

We present an anytime algorithm for classification based on approximate subsumption. We give formal definitions, and we study the computational behaviour of the algorithm on a set of realistic benchmarks.

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Case Law Retrieval by Concept Search and Visualization (ICAIL'07)

Elisabeth M. Uijttenbroek, Michel C.A. Klein, Arno R. Lodder, Frank van Harmelen

We present a technique for the retrieval of case law in the domain of tort law and investigate if the concept-based retrieval method together with our method for building search documents is suitable for retrieving court decisions?

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Using Google Distance to weight approximate ontology matches (WWW'07)

Risto Gligorov, Zharko Aleksovski, Warner ten Kate and F. van Harmelen

A notion of approximate concept mapping is required in domains where concepts are inherently vague and ill-defined. The first contribution of this paper is a definition for approximate mappings between concepts. The second contribution is the definition of an algorithm that uses the Google distance as a heuristic to compure near-optimal approximate matches, as measured against a hand-created Gold Standard in the domain of musical genres.
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Nineteenth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'07).

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Debugging Incoherent Terminologies (JAR'07)

Stefan Schlobach, Zhisheng Huang, Ronald Cornet, Frank van Harmelen

We study the diagnosis and repair of incoherent terminologies. We developed two different algorithms, for calculating minimal unsatisfiability preserving sub-terminologies. We study the effectiveness of our algorithms by presenting a realistic case-study and by performing controlled benchmark experiments.

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Unifying Reasoning and Search to Web Scale (IEEE (IC)'07)

Dieter Fensel, Frank Van Harmelen

Current approaches to reasoning on the Semantic Web do not scale. We argue that by fusing reasoning (in the sense of logic) with search (in the sense of Information Retrieval), and taking seriously the notion of limited rationality (in the sense of Herbert Simon) would be a paradigm shift leading to reasoning at Web scale.
Health Warning: provocative; may raise blood-pressure

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Models of Interaction as a Grounding for Peer to Peer Knowledge Sharing (AWS'07)

D. Robertson, C. Walton, A. Barker, P. Besana, Y. Chen-Burger, F. Hassan, D. Lambert, G. Li, J. McGinnis, N. Osman, A. Bundy, F. McNeill, F. van Harmelen, C. Sierra, F. Giunchiglia

We argue that By shifting the emphasis of knowledge sharing from pre-engineering of content and supply services to interaction-specific semantics, we can obtain knowledge sharing of sufficient quality for sustainable communities of practice without the barrier of complex meta-data provision prior to community formation.

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Media, Politics and the Semantic Web: An experience report in advanced RDF usage (ESWC'07)

Wouter van Atteveldt, Stefan Schlobach, and Frank van Harmelen

we present our work on formalizing newspaper-content using RDF(S). We discuss the requirements for a good representation, highlighting a number of non-trivial modeling decisions. This case study shows concrete improvements for annotating, querying, and analyzing data, but also indicates a number of aspects that were more di±cult to model in RDF(S),

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Ontology matching using comprehensive ontology as background knowledge (ISWC'06 OntoMatching WS)

Z. Aleksovski, W. ten Kate, F. van Harmelen

We investigate the use of background knowledge in ontology matching. We conducted experiments on matching two medical ontologies using a third one as background knowledge, and compare it to direct matching. Our results indicate that using background knowledge, in particular exploitation of its structure, has enormous benefit in the matching.

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Semantic Web Research anno 2006 (CIA'06)

F. van Harmelen

main streams, popular fallacies, current status and future challenges

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Thesaurus-based Retrieval of Case Law (JURIX'06)

Michel Klein, Wouter van Steenbergen, Elisabeth Uijttenbroek, Arno Lodder and Frank van Harmelen We report our findings on methods for retrieving relevant case law within the domain of tort law from a repository of 68.000 court verdicts. We apply a thesaurus-based technique to find specific legal situations.

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Matching Unstructured Vocabularies using a Background Ontology (EKAW'06)

Z. Aleksovski, M. Klein, W. ten Kate, F. van Harmelen

We manage to construct high-quality mappings between two unstructured lists of terms that have neither internal structure nor much lexical overlap. This feat is established by first relating both of them to a rich background ontology which is used to derive mappings between the terms in the source and target list. With a well-documented case-study in the Intensive Care domain.

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Expertise-based Peer Selection in Peer-to-Peer Networks (KAIS'06)

P. Haase, R. Siebes, F. van Harmelen

We propose a model in which peers advertise their expertise in a Peer-to-Peer network. The knowledge about the expertise of other peers can then be used to efficiently route queries. In simulation and a real-world experiment we show how expertise-based peer selection improves precision, recall and network traffic performance of a P2P network.

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A Framework for Handling Inconsistency in Changing Ontologies (ISWC'05)

Peter Haase, Frank van Harmelen, Zhisheng Huang, Heiner Stuckenschmidt and York Sure

We present a common formal basis for capturing different approaches to dealing with inconsistent ontologies, and use this common basis to compare these approaches.

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Reasoning with Inconsistent Ontologies (IJCAI'05)

Zhisheng Huang, Frank van Harmelen and Annette ten Teije

We present a framework of reasoning with inconsistent ontologies, in which pre-defined selection functions are used to deal with concept relevance, plus a prototype PION to implement this idea.
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Seventeenth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'05).
A longer version appeared in the book "Semantic Web Technologies: Trends and Research in Ontology-based Systems"

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Ontology-based Information Visualisation: Towards Semantic Web Applications (VSW'05)

Christiaan Fluit, Marta Sabou and Frank van Harmelen,

We discuss three applications of ontology-based visualisation in cluster-maps, and analyse which user-tasks can be supported using this technology.
This is a revised version of the 2002 version.

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Query Processing in Ontology-Based Peer-to-Peer Systems (Ontologies for Agents 2005)

Heiner Stuckenschmidt and Fausto Giunchiglia and Frank van Harmelen

We propose an approach to querying in distributed heterogeneous environments based on approximate query processing based limited shared vocabularies.

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Introduction to Semantic Web Ontology Languages (REWERSE'05)

Grigoris Antoniou, Enrico Franconi, Frank van Harmelen

Yet another introduction to OWL (this time with some time spent on the formal foundations).

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Bibster - A Semantics-Based Bibliographic Peer-to-Peer System (JWS'05)

Peter Haase, Björn Schnizler, Jeen Broekstra, Marc Ehrig, Frank van Harmelen, Maarten Menken, Peter Mika, Michal Plechawski, Pawel Pyszlak, Ronny Siebes, Steffen Staab, Christoph Tempich

Describes the design and implementation of Bibster, a Peer-to-Peer system for exchanging bibliographic data among Computer Science researchers.
This is the short journal version of our SEMPGRID'04 paper.

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The Legal Concepts and the Layman’s Terms; Bridging the Gap through Ontology-Based Reasoning about Liability (JURIX'05)

Ronny van Laarschot and Wouter van Steenbergen and Heiner Stuckenschmidt and Arno Lodder and Frank van Harmelen

To support the retrieval of legal document by laymen, we use logical reasoning in an ontology to automatically determine law articles that are relevant for determining liability of parties in a case based on a description in layman's terms

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Using C-OWL for the Alignment and Merging of Medical Ontologies (KRMed'04)

H. Stuckenschmidt
F. van Harmelen
L. Serafini
P. Bouquet
F. Giunchiglia

We show how the C-OWL language extension of OWL (described in our ISWC'03 and JWS'04 papers) can be used to represent, manipulate and validate links between a number of medical ontologies.

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Contextualizing Ontologies (JWS'04)

Paolo Bouquet, Fausto Giunchiglia, Frank van Harmelen, Luciano Serafini and Heiner Stuckenschmidt

We combine the shared aspects of ontologies with subjective (local) contexts. The result is Context OWL (C-OWL), a language whose syntax and semantics have been obtained by extending the OWL syntax and semantics to allow for the representation of contextual ontologies.
This is the journal version of our ISWC'03 paper.
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Sixteenth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'04).

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Bibster - A Semantics-Based Bibliographic Peer-to-Peer System (SEMPGRID'04)

J. Broekstra, M. Ehrig, P. Haase, F. van Harmelen, M. Menken, P. Mika, B. Schnizler and R. Siebes.

Describes the design and implementation of Bibster, a Peer-to-Peer system for exchanging bibliographic data among Computer Science researchers.
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Sixteenth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'04).
A revised version was republished in the book Semantic Web and Peer-to-Peer", published by Springer Verlag in 2006.
See also bibster.semanticweb.org.

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Peer Selection in Peer-to-Peer Networks with Semantic Topologies (ICSNW'04)

P. Haase and R. Siebes and F. van Harmelen

Proposes a routing-protocol for P2P systems based on semantic similarity between queries and the advertised knowledge profiles of peers.
A revised version was republished in the book Semantic Web and Peer-to-Peer", published by Springer Verlag in 2006.

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Configuration of Web Services as Parametric Design (EKAW'04)

A. ten Teije, F. van Harmelen, B. Wielinga

Shows how classical insights from Knowledge Engineering on Problem Solving Methods can be used to obtain realistic approaches to web-service configuration.
This paper also appeared as a two-page abstract in the proceedings of ECAI'04.

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Exploring Large Document Repositories with RDF Technology: The DOPE Project (IEEE IS'04)

H. Stuckenschmidt, F. van Harmelen, A. de Waard, T. Scerri, R. Bhogal, J. van Buel, I. Crowlesmith, Ch. Fluit, A. Kampman, J. Broekstra and E. van Mulligen

This thesaurus-based search system uses automatic indexing, RDF-based querying, and concept-based visualization of results to support exploration of large online document repositories.
This is a general overview of the DOPE project, while our WWW'04 workshop paper paper discusses the architecture of the system, and our EKAW'04 paper discusses the user-interface side.

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The Drug Ontology Project for Elsevier (WS@WWW'04)

J. Broekstra, C. Fluit, A. Kampman, F. van Harmelen, H. Stuckenschmidt, R.Bhogal, A.Scerri, A. de Waard, E. van Mulligen

We describe how we have designed and built a system for thesaurus-driven access to heterogeneoius and distributed dat, based on the RDF data model.
This paper focusses on the architecture of the system, while our EKAW'04 paper discusses the user-interface side of the system.

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A Topic-Based Browser for Large Online Resources (EKAW'04)

H. Stuckenschmidt, A. de Waard, R. Bhogal, Ch. Fluit, A. Kampman, J. van Buel, E. van Mulligen, J. Broekstra, I. Crowlesmith, F. van Harmelen, T. Scerri

Describes the design and evaluation of the user-interface side of the DOPE browser, a system for thesaurus-driven access to heterogeneoius and distributed dat, based on the RDF data model. This paper focusses on the user-interface side of the system, while our WWW'04 workshop paper paper discusses the architecture of the system.

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A tool for gene expression based PubMed search through combining data sources (BioInformatics'04)

Maksym Korotkiy, Rutger Middelburg, Henk Dekker, Frank van Harmelen, Jan Lankelma

We present a new tool for the semiautomated querying of PubMed using a batch of tens to thousands of GenBank accession numbers or UniGene cluster ids, by combining information from UniGene and SWISS-PROT.
For more infor, see http://www.cs.vu.nl/microgenie/. Alas, the on-line demo is now defunct.

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From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: The Making of a Web Ontology Language (JWS'03)

Ian Horrocks, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Frank van Harmelen

We discuss how the philosophy and features of OWL can be traced back to older formalisms such as Description Logics and RDF, with modications driven by several other constraints on OWL.

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C-OWL: Contextualizing Ontologies (ISWC'03)

Paolo Bouquet, Fausto Giunchiglia, Frank van Harmelen, Luciano Serafini, Heiner Stuckenschmidt

We combine the shared aspects of ontologies with subjective (local) contexts. The result is Context OWL (C-OWL), a language whose syntax and semantics have been obtained by extending the OWL syntax and semantics to allow for the representation of contextual ontologies.
There is also a journal version of this paper.

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Web Ontology Language: OWL(Ontology Handbook'03)

Grigoris Antoniou and Frank van Harmelen

A description of OWL: requirements, relation with RDF Schema, layered language architecture (Lite, DL, Full), overview of all language constructs and their XML/RDF syntax, and two extended examples.

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Supporting User Tasks through Visualisation of Light-weight Ontologies(Ontology Handbook'03)

Christiaan Fluit, Marta Sabou, and Frank van Harmelen

Large numbers of light-weight ontologies will play a crucial role on the Semantic Web. We have developed a visusaliation technique that is particularly suited for visualising such light-weight ontologies, and we show how our technique can be used to support different tasks such as data analysis, monitoring, querying and navigation.

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SWAP: Ontology-based Knowledge Management with Peer-to-Peer Technology (WM'03)

M. Ehrig, Ch. Tempich, J. Broekstra, F. van Harmelen, M. Sabou, R. Siebes, S. Staab, H. Stuckenschmidt

A brief overview of the aims and approach of the SWAP project.

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A Metadata Model for Semantics-Based Peer-to-Peer Systems (P2P Workshop at WWW'03)

J. Broekstra, M. Ehrig, P. Haase, F. van Harmelen, A. Kampman, M. Sabou, R. Siebes, S. Staab, H. Stuckenschmidt, Ch. Tempich

Peer-to-Peer systems require some compromises with respect to the use of semantic knowledge models. We propose a data model for encoding semantic information that combines features of ontology (concept hierarchies, relational structures) with a flexible description and ranking model that allows us to handle heterogeneous and even contradictory views on the domain of interest.

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Generating and Managing Metadata for Web-Based Information Systems(KBS'03)

Heiner Stuckenschmidt and Frank van Harmelen

As metadata become of increasing importance to the Web, we will need to start managing such metadata. We show some ways for aggregating and verifying metadata on the Web.
This is an extended version of our paper in the 2001 Web Intelligence Workshop.

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On-To-Knowledge: Semantic Web Enabled Knowledge Management(WI book'03)

York Sure, Hans Akkermans, Jeen Broekstra, John Davies, Ying Ding,
Alistair Duke, Robert Engels, Dieter Fensel, Ian Horrocks, Victor Iosif,
Arjohn Kampman, Atanas Kiryakov, Michel Klein, Thorsten Lau,
Damyan Ognyanov, Ulrich Reimer, Kiril Simov, Rudi Studer,
Jos van der Meer, and Frank van Harmelen

The final overview paper of the On-To-Knowledge project.

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Reviewing the Design of DAML+OIL: An Ontology Language for the Semantic Web (AAAI'02)

Peter Patel-Schneider, Ian Horrocks, Frank van Harmelen

Reviews the design decisions that made DAML+OIL in what it was, and speculates on what should be done better next time.
Here's a poster summarising the paper.
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Fourteenth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'02).

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Sesame: A Generic Architecture for Storing and Querying RDF and RDF Schema (ISWC'02)

Jeen Broekstra, Arjohn Kampman, Frank van Harmelen

Describes one of the first storage and query architectures that supports RDF Schema.

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The complexity of the Web ontology language (IEEE-IS'02)

Frank van Harmelen

A short column which argues that DAML+OIL is much too complex in various ways, and that its successor OWL should therefore be much simpler.

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How the Semantic Web will change KR: challenges and opportunities for a new research agenda (KER'02)

Frank van Harmelen

The title says it all.

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Ranking Agent Statements for Building Evolving Ontologies (MeaN'02)

Ronny Siebes, Frank van Harmelen

When should agents believe what they are told? Who should they believe? If they have a question, who should they ask? A start of a beginning of how to maybe compute with matters like trust on the Semantic Web in a Peer-to-Peer fashion.

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On-To-Knowledge in a Nutshell (IEEE Computer'02)

Dieter Fensel, Frank van Harmelen, Ying Ding, Michel Klein, Hans Akkermans, Jeen Broekstra, Arjohn Kampman, Jos van der Meer, York Sure, Rudi Studer, Uwe Krohn, John Davies, Robert Engels, Victor Iosif, Atanas Kiryakov, Thorsten Lau, Ulrich Reimer, Ian Horrocks

A short description of the goals and results of the On-To-Knowledge project.

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Learning Structural Classification Rules for Web-page Categorization (FLAIRS'02)

Heiner Stuckenschmidt, Jens Hartmann, Frank van Harmelen

Shows how machine learning techniques (in particular Inductive Logic Programming) can be used to classify web-pages in an ontological classes. Inspired by the requirements of the WebMaster system.

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Ontology-based Information Visualisation (VSW'02)

Christiaan Fluit, Marta Sabou and Frank van Harmelen,

Shows how visual representations of information can be based on ontological classifications of that information, shows examples from three real-life case-studies, and analyses how different user tasks such as analysis, search and navigation can be supported by our cluster-map visualisation.
This is an extended version of a workshop paper.
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Fourteenth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'02).

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Reference description of the DAML+OIL ontology markup language

F. van Harmelen, I. Horrocks (eds.)

DAML+OIL is a semantic markup language for Web resources. It builds on earlier W3C standards such as RDF and RDF Schema, and extends these languages with richer modelling primitives, such as those found in OIL. DAML+OIL provides modelling primitives commonly found in frame-based languages. The language has a clean and well defined semantics based on description logics.
This document gives a systematic, compact and informal description of all the modelling primitives of DAML+OIL. We expect this document to serve as a reference guide for users of the DAML+OIL language.

OIL: An Ontology Infrastructure for the Semantic Web (IEEE (IS)'01)

Dieter Fensel, Ian Horrocks, Frank van Harmelen, Deborah L. McGuinness and Peter F. Patel-Schneider.

The best write-up of the rationale behind the design of OIL.

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Sesame: An Architecture for Storing and Querying RDF Data and Schema Information (MIT'01)

Jeen Broekstra, Arjohn Kampman, Frank van Harmelen.

Describes the design of Sesame, the world's first storage and query service for RDF Schema information. Particularly interesting is the fact that this architecture can be realised on top of many different concrete storage platforms.

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Ontology-based Information Visualisation (VSW'01)

Frank van Harmelen, Jeen Broekstra, Christiaan Fluit, Herko ter Horst, Arjohn Kampman, Jos van der Meer and Marta Sabou

Shows how visual representations of information can be based on ontological classifications of that information, gives a number of examples of ontology-based visualisations which all differ in interesting respects.

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Knowledge-Based Validation, Aggregation and Visualization of Meta-Data: Analyzing a Web-Based Information System (WI'01)

H. Stuckenschmidt and F. van Harmelen

As meta-data becomes ever more important, tools are required for managing such meta-data. We introduce the Spectacle Workbench for verifying semi-structured information and show how it can be used to validate, aggregate and visualize the meta-data of an existing Information System.

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Ontology-based Metadata Generation from Semi-Structured Information (K-CAP'01)

H. Stuckenschmidt and F. van Harmelen

Shows how meta-data can be generated and verified based on a domain-ontology. The approach is illustrated by applying it to a geographical information system.

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Enabling knowledge representation on the Web by Extending RDF Schema (WWW'01)

J. Broekstra, M. Klein, S. Decker, D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, I. Horrocks

Shows how expressive ontology-languages (such as OIL) can be built on top of the existing RDF Schema standard, in such a way that the contents is still maximally accessible to agents that only understand RDF Schema (and not full OIL).
This paper has also been submitted to the Electronic Transaction on AI (ETAI)
The final version of this paper appeared in Computer Networks, Vol. 39 (2002), 609-634

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Questions and answers on OIL (IEEE (IS)'00)

Frank Van Harmelen and Ian Horrocks

A set of questions and answers on OIL, written for the "controversies and trends" column of IEEE Intelligent Systems.

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OIL in a nutshell (EKAW'00)

D. Fensel, I. Horrocks, F. Van Harmelen, S. Decker, M. Erdmann, M. Klein

Gives an overview of OIL: the Web-oriented Ontology Inference Layer, developed in the On-To-Knowledge project.
This paper also appeared in the proceedings of the ECAI'00 Workshop on Applications of Ontologies and PSMs.
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Twelfth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'00).
A 5-page version appeared in the proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Social Communication, Santiage de Cuba (ISSC'01).

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The Semantic Web: The roles of XML and RDF (IEEE (IC)'00)

Stefan Decker, Sergey Melnik, Frank Van Harmelen, Dieter Fensel, Michel Klein, Jeen Broekstra, Michael Erdmann, Ian Horrocks

XML won't suffice for semantic interoperability. We propose a general method for encoding ontology representation languages into RDF/RDF Schema and illustrate the extension method by applying it to OIL.

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Knowledge-Based Meta-Data Validation: Analyzing a Web-Based Information System (UI'00)

F. van Harmelen, A. Kampman, H. Stuckenschmidt, Th. Vogele

Uses the WebMaster system to analyse and verify a Web-based information system of environment data.

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On-To-Knowledge: Ontology-based Tools for Knowledge Management (eBeW'00)

Dieter Fensel, Frank van Harmelen, Michel Klein, Hans Akkermans, Jeen Broekstra, Christiaan Fluit, Jos van der Meer, Hans-Peter Schnurr, Rudi Studer, John Hughes, Uwe Krohn, John Davies, Robert Engels, Bernt Bremdal, Fredrik Ygge, Thorsten Lau, Bernd Novotny, Ulrich Reimer, Ian Horrocks.

Gives an overview of the On-To-Knowledge project.

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OIL and UPML: a unifying framework for the Knowledge Web (ECAI'00 (WS))

D. Fensel, M. Cruzeby, F. van Harmelen, I. Horrocks

A discussion on various ways to combine OIL (the ontology inference layer) with UPML (a framework for decribing problem-solving methods).

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Relation between Ontologies and Schema-Languages: Translating OIL-Specifications to XML-Schema (ECAI'00 (WS))

Michel Klein, Dieter Fensel, Frank van Harmelen, and Ian Horrocks

Investigating if the existing XML Schema standard can be used as a representation format for an ontology language like OIL (and getting rather dissapointing results).

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Knowledge Representation on the Web (DL'00)

S. Decker, D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, I. Horrocks, S. Melnik, M. Klein, J. Broekstra

Gives details on OIL's foundation in a specific description logic.

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WebMaster: Knowledge-based Verification of Web-pages (IEA/AIE'99)

Frank van Harmelen, Jos van der Meer

We describe how user-formulated constraints can be exploited in verifying the integrity of Web-site contents. Constraints are formulated in terms of the markup-structure of pages. This is preferably semantic markup, but can also be plain HTML. We compare our approach (knowledge-based verification) with others (e.g. automatically generated sites), and report on our experiences with using WebMaster in two case-studies.

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A longer version of the paper has been accepted at the Conference on Practical Applications of Knowledge Management (PAKeM'99). The main differences with the shorter IEA/AIE'99 version are (1) more extensive motivations, (2) a discusion of HTML vs. XML for semantic markup, and (3) a description of our graphical notation for contraints on HTML/XML documents.

Practical Knowledge Representation for the Web (IJCAI'99, III Workshop)

Frank van Harmelen, Dieter Fensel

Question: How well do current Web-standards meet knowledge representation demands? Answer: Not very well...

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Medical Protocols

Identifying disease-centric subdomains in very large medical ontologies, a case-study on breast-cancer concepts in SNOMED. (AIME'09/KR4HC)

K. Milian, Zh. Aleksovski, R. Vdovjak, A. ten Teije, F. van Harmelen

We use and compare two different techniques for identifying a subvocabulary from a large ontology that is relevant for a particular disease, in our case breast-cancer

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Using Model Checking for Critiquing based on Clinical Guidelines (AIM'08)

Perry Groot, Arjen Hommersom, Peter Lucas, Robbert-Jan Merk, Annette ten Teije, Frank van Harmelen and Radu Serban

We employ model checking to investigate whether a part of the actual treatment as given in a patientrecord is consistent with treatment as prescribed by a medical guideline.

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The Role of Model Checking in Critiquing based on Clinical Guidelines (AIME'07)

Perry Groot, Frank van Harmelen, Arjen Hommersom, Peter Lucas, Radu Serban and Annette ten Teije

We propose the use of model-checking to investigate whether there is a different between the actions prescribed in a formal model of a clinical guideline and the actual treatment of a patient based on real-world patient data. We have applied our approach to a clinical guideline of breast cancer in conjunction with breast cancer patient data.
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Nineteenth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'07).

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Extraction and use of linguistic patterns for modelling medical guidelines (AIM'07)

Radu Serban, Annette ten Teije, Frank van Harmelen, Mar Marcos, Cristina Polo-Conde

The quality of knowledge updates in evidence-based medical guidelines can be improved and the effort spent for updating can be reduced if the knowledge underlying the guideline text is explicitly modelled using the so-called linguistic guideline patterns, mappings between a text fragment and a formal representation of its corresponding medical knowledge.

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From Natural Language to Formal Proof Goal (EKAW'06)

R. Stegers, A. ten Teije, F. van Harmelen

Proposes a structured, 5-step method to gradually transform a claim stated in informal natural language to a proof obligation expressed in formal logic. The method is applied to quality-indicators of medical protocols.
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Nineteenth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'07).

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Improving medical protocols by formal methods (AIM'06)

Annette ten Teije, Mar Marcos, Michel Balser, Joyce van Croonenborg, Christoph Duelli, Frank van Harmelen, Peter Lucas, Silvia Miksch, Wolfgang Reif, Kitty Rosenbrand and Andreas Seyfang

The final paper on the Protocure-I project. We show how medical protocols can be formalised in a number of steps all the way to mathematical logic, and how methods from Computer Science can then be used to improve such protocols.

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Formalising medical quality indicators to improve guidelines (AIME'05)

Marjolein van Gendt, Annette ten Teije, Radu Serban, Frank van Harmelen

We show how quality measures defined by the medical community (called "indicators") can be formalised and used to uncover potential errors in medical guidelines.
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Seventeenth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'05).

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Protocure: Supporting the Development of Medical Protocols through Formal Methods (CGP'04)

Michael Balser, Oscar Coltell, Joyce van Croonenborg, Christoph Duelli, Frank van Harmelen, Albert Jovell, Peter Lucas, Mar Marcos, Silvia Miksch, Wolfgang Reif, Kitty Rosenbrand, Andreas Seyfang, Annette ten Teije

Medical guidelines and protocols describe the optimal care for a specific group of patients and therefore, when properly applied, improve the quality of patient care. However, anomalies like ambiguity and incompleteness are frequent in medical guidelines and protocols. An approach grounded on a formal representation, can address these problems, as we have demonstrated in the Protocure project. The Protocure II project will aim at integrating formal methods in the life cycle of guidelines.

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Experiences in the formalisation and verification of medical protocols (AIME'03)

Mar Marcos, Michael Balser, Annette ten Teije, Frank van Harmelen, Christoph Duelli

We are among the first to have fully formalised two complete life-size medical protocols, from informal text via a structured language all the way to a temporal logic, and then use the result to formally verify properties of the original protocol. In this paper, we report on our experiences.

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Informal and formal medical guidelines: Bridging the gap (AIME'03)

Marije Geldof, Annette ten Teije, Frank van Harmelen, Mar Marcos, Peter Votruba

When formalising a medical protocol (or any informal object, for that matter), the relationship between the original object and the formalised version is problematic. In this paper we use a markup tool to systematically track the relationship between the informal protocol and its formalised counterpart.

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From informal knowledge to formal logic: a realistic case study in medical protocols (EKAW'02)

Mar Marcos, Michael Balser, Annette ten Teije, Frank van Harmelen

It can really be done: take a realistic medical protocol, formalise it in a planning language, formalise it even further in a temporal logic, and use an interactive theorem prover to prove medically relevant properties of the protocol!

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Improving medical protocols through formalisation: a case study (IDPT'02)

Mar Marcos, Hugo Roomans, Annette ten Teije and Frank van Harmelen

We take two high-quality protocols in use in medical practice (for treating jaundice in newborns and for treating diabetes), we formalise them in the Asbru protocol-represetation language, and we uncover a surprising number of anomalies in these protocols.
A 2-page abstract appeared in the proceedings of the Fourteenth Belgian/Dutch Conference on AI (BNAIC'02).

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Using critiquing for improving medical protocols: harder than it seems (AIME'01)

M. Marcos, G. Berger, F. van Harmelen, A. ten Teije, H. Roomans and S. Miksch

We model a jaundice protocol for new-born babies in the ASBRU language, and compare the resulting formal model with the behaviour of a domain expert. Conclusions: (1) even the best protocols contain serious errors and ommisions, (2) formal models are very useful to detect these, but (3) the process of detecting these is hardly automatable (in constrast with what is sometimes suggested in the critiquing literature.
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A study of PROforma, a development methodology for clinical procedures (AIM'99)

Arjen Vollebregt, Annette ten Teije, Frank van Harmelen, Johan van der Lei, Mees Mosseveld

We use both KADS and PROforma to reconstruct an existing system for blood-test advice to family doctors in an effort to learn about the strong and weak points of the PROforma methodology and language.

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Formalisation for decision support in anaesthesiology (AIM'98)

Gerard Renardel de Lavalette, Rix Groenboom, Ernest Rotterdam, Frank van Harmelen, Annette ten Teije, Fred de Geus.

This paper reports on research for decsion support for anaesthesiologists at the University Hospital in Groningen, the Netherlands. The core of the work presented here consists of a knowledge base containing anaesthesiological knowledge and a diagnosis system. The knowledge base is specification in the logic-based formal specification language AFSL.

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Specification languages for KBS

The Unified Problem-solving Method Development Language UPML (KAIS'02)

Dieter Fensel, Enrico Motta, V. Richard Benjamins, Monica Crubezy, Stefan Decker, Mauro Gaspari, Rix Groenboom, William Grosso, Frank van Harmelen, Mark Musen, Enric Plaza, Guus Schreiber, Rudi Studer and Bob Wielinga

UPML is a framework for developing knowledge-intensive reasoning systems based on libraries of generic problem-solving components. The paper describes the components and adapters, architectural constraints, development guidelines, and tools provided by UPML.

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A Survey of Languages for Specifying Dynamics: A Knowledge Engineering Perspective (TKDE'01)

Pascal van Eck, Joeri Engelfriet, Dieter Fensel, Frank van Harmelen, Yde Venema, Mark Willems

We describe 5 different specification languages from Software Engineering, apply them to a standard specification problem from Knowledge Engineering, and analyse the weak and strong points of each of these language when used in Knowledge Engineering.

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Formal support for Development of Knowledge-Based Systems (ITM'98)

Dieter Fensel, Frank van Harmelen, Wolfgang Reif, Annette ten Teije

This paper gives an overview of how to specify Knowledge-Based Systems using the CommonKADS expertise model and the KIV formal verification tool.
This paper is an overview of material that has largely appeared elsewhere in more detail, meant for readers outside the Knowledge Engineering community.

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Specification of Dynamics for Knowledge-Based Systems (DYNAMICS'97)

Pascal van Eck, Joeri Engelfriet, Dieter Fensel, Frank van Harmelen, Yde Venema, Mark Willems

We present a survey of different approaches to specifying the dynamic behaviour of systems from information systems (LCM, TROLL), databases (Transaction Logic, Dynamic Database Logic) and Evolving Algebras.

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Evaluating a formal KBS specification language (IEEE'96)

Frank van Harmelen, Manfred Aben, Fidel Ruiz, Joke van de Plassche.

This paper is an attempt to establish how useful a formal KBS specification language like (ML)² is by analysing the errors that we uncovered while formalising a high quality conceptual model.
This is a revised version of the EKAW'94 paper.

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Formal Methods in Knowledge Engineering (KER'95)

Frank van Harmelen, Dieter Fensel

A general discussion of the role of formal methods in Knowledge Engineering. We give an historical account of the development of the field towards the use of formal methods. We summarise the proclaimed advantages, and argue against some of the commonly heard objections against formal methods. We briefly summarise the current state of the art and discuss the most important directions that future research in this field should take.

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Structure-preserving specification languages for knowledge-based systems (JHCS'96)

F. van Harmelen and M. Aben.

Contains a brief overview of KADS and (ML)², and shows how to exploit the close relation between the two for formal model construction, verification and refinement.
A shorter version of this has appeared in the proceedings of the Dutch National Conference on AI (NAIC'95).

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A Purpose Driven Method for Language Comparison (EKAW'96)

The REVISE project

Proposes a method for comparing specification languages which is not based on shallow syntactic properties, but rather on the goals underlying the various constructs in the languages.

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A comparison of languages which operationalise and formalise KADS models of expertise. (KER'94)

Dieter Fensel and Frank van Harmelen

This might be a good paper to read as an introduction to recent work on languages for KADS model.

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(ML)²: a formal language for KADS models of expertise. (KAJ'92)

Frank van Harmelen and John Balder.

This is a detailed description of the (ML)² language.

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A KADS/ML²model of a scheduling task. (ECAI'92,WS)

John Balder, Frank van Harmelen, and Manfred Aben.

This is a medium-sized description of the (ML)² language, plus a detailed example. Probably the best paper to read if you want to learn about (ML)².

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(ML)²: A formal language for KADS models (short version) (ECAI'92)

Frank van Harmelen and John Balder.

This is a very (too?) brief description of the (ML)² language.

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Comparing formal specification languages. (ECAI'92, WS)

F. van Harmelen, R. Lopez de Mantaras, J. Malec, and J. Treur.

Another paper that compares KBS specification languages, but this time not strictly aimed at KADS.

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Evaluating a formal modelling language (EKAW'94)

Fidel Ruiz, Frank van Harmelen, Manfred Aben and Joke van de Plassche.

This is a first experiment at finding out how useable and useful a formal modelling language like (ML)² is.

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A formalisation of knowledge-level models for knowledge acquistion (IJIS'93)

Hans Akkermans, Frank van Harmelen, Guus Schreiber, and Bob Wielinga.

This is an outdated description of the (ML)² language, and therefore no longer available on-line. The paper is good on ideology, though.

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Validation & verification of KBS

Maintenance of KBS's by Domain Experts: The Holy Grail in Practice (IEA/AIE'00)

Arne Bultman, Joris Kuipers, Frank van Harmelen

We report on our experiences with building a tool which enables domain experts to maintain a Knowledge Based System. The key insight is that the maintainance tool is based on a domain ontology and a task model for the KBS system to be maintained, as well as a task analysis of the maintenance tool itself. The maintenance tool is subsequently implemented using a two layer architecture which seperates domain and system concepts.

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Formally verifying dynamic properties of KBS (EKAW'99)

Perry Groot, Annette ten Teije, Frank van Harmelen

Shows how Dynamic Logic can be used to formally express and verify dynamic properties of KBS, and uses the KIV interactive theorem prover to obtain machine assisted proofs for such properties.

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Verification and validation of Knowledge-Based Systems - Report on two 1997 events (AI Magazine'98)

Gregoris Antoniou, Frank van Harmelen, Robert Plant, Jan Vanthienen

Discusses current and future trends in the area of Validation and Verification of KBS.

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Applying rule-base anomalies to KADS inference structures (DSS'98)

Frank van Harmelen

Reinterprets existing work on fault-classes (anomalies) defined for rule-based systems in terms of KADS inference structures, using a new formalisation of these inference structures. A first step towards using our formal methods for validation and verification.
Earlier and shorter versions of this paper (co-authored with Manfred Aben) have appeared in the IJCAI'95 and ECAI'96 workshops on Validation and Verification of Knowledge-Based Systems.

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Validation and verification of conceptual models of diagnosis (EUROVAV'97)

Frank van Harmelen, Annette ten Teije.

We propose an approach to validation and verification of KBS based on an implementation independent concpeptual model of such systems. We illustrate our approach by investigating the properties of a conceptual model for a wide class of diagnostic systems.
This paper has also appeared in the proceedings of the workshop on validation and verification of AI systems at IJCAI'97 in Nagoya, Japan, and in the proceedings of the Dutch-Belgian National Conference on AI (NAIC'97).

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Reasoning about diagnostic systems

WS-DIAMOND: Web Services - DIAgnosability, MONitoring, and Diagnosis (MITBook'08)

Luca Console et all.,

The paper addresses two issues concerning self-healing capabilities: to develop a framework for self-healing services, and To devise guidelines and support tools for designing services in such a way that they can be easily diagnosed and recovered during their execution.

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Construction of problem-solving methods as parametric design (IJHCS'98)

Annette ten Teije, Frank van Harmelen, Guus Schreiber, Bob Wielinga.

We show how the automated construction of problem-solving methods can be viewed as a parametric-design problem. This enables us to use a propose-critique-modify method for the automated configuration of problem-solving methods. We illustrate this method with a detailed scenario of the configuration of diagnostic problem-solving method.
This paper has also appeared in the proceedings of the Tenth Workshop on Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems (KAW'96), Banff, Alberta, November 1996.

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Using reflection techniques for flexible problem solving (with examples from diagnosis) (FGCS'96)

Annette ten Teije and Frank van Harmelen

A proposal for a 3-layer meta-architecture that allows us to represent domain knowledge (at level 1), problem-solving methods (at level 2), and knowledge about choosing and configuring problem-solving methods (at level 3). With examples from diagnosis.
An earlier and shorter version of this appeared in the Proceedings of the IJCAI'95 Workshop on Reflection and Metalevel Architecture and their Applications in AI, Montreal, August 1995.

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Using domain knowledge to select solutions in abductive diagnosis (ECAI'94)

Frank van Harmelen and Annette ten Teije.

Yet another way of enforcing a preference relation on solutions in abductive diagnosis, but this time on the basis of domain knowledge instead of the standard syntactic orderings.

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An extended spectrum of logical definitions for diagnostic systems (DX'94)

Annette ten Teije, Frank van Harmelen

How to write down your favourite diagnostic system as an instantiation of just six axiom schema's!

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Meta-reasoning and reflection

A model of costs and benefits of meta-level computation. (META'94)

Frank van Harmelen.

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Definable naming relations in meta-level systems. (META'92)

Frank van Harmelen.

Gives the formal underpinning for the non-standard naming relation in (ML)²

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Knowledge-level reflection. (ESPRIT'92)

Frank van Harmelen, Bob Wielinga, Bert Bredeweg, Guus Schreiber, Werner Karbach, Martin Reinders, Angi Voss, Hans Akkermans, Brigitte Bartsch-Sporl, and Erik Vinkhuyzen.

The final paper and best overview of the work in the REFLECT project

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Explanation based generalisation = partial evaluation. (AIJ'88)

Frank van Harmelen and Alan Bundy.

By now accepted as common knowledge, but I'm too proud of it not to put it here

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Older papers on proof planning

For on-line versions of these papers, and for more recent papers on this topic, see the archive of Alan Bundy's DReAM group in Edinburgh

Experiments with proof plans for induction. (JAR'91)

J. Hesketh, A. Bundy, F. van Harmelen and A. Smaill. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 7:303-324, 1991.

Rippling: A heuristic for guiding inductive proofs. (AIJ'93)

A. Bundy, A. Stevens, F. van Harmelen, A. Ireland, and A. Smaill. Artificial Intelligence, 62(2):185-254, August 1993.

Books

	Logic-Based Knowledge Representation P. Jackson, H. Reichgelt, and F. van Harmelen. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1989. ISBN 0-262-10038-X.
	Meta-level Inference Systems F. van Harmelen. Research Notes in AI. Pitmann, Morgan Kaufmann, London, San Mateo, California, 1991. ISBN 1558601961
	Towards the Semantic Web: Ontology-Driven Knowledge Management J. Davies, D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, John Wiley, 2002. ISBN 0470848677.
	Semantic Web Primer G. Antoniou, F. van Harmelen, MIT Press, 2004. ISBN 0262012103. See also http://www.semanticwebprimer.org
	Semantic Web Primer, International editions (Korean, Japenese, Chinese, Greek)
	Handbook of Knowledge Representation F. van Harmelen, V. Lifschitz, B. Porter, Elsevier, 2008. ISBN 978-0-444-52211-5.

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