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Older papers
Papers before 2009
Journal articles
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H. Stuckenschmidt and M. Klein, "Reasoning and change management in modular ontologies," Data Knowledge Engineering (DKE), vol. 63, iss. 2, pp. 200-223, 2007.
@Article{DKE07,
author = "Heiner Stuckenschmidt and Michel Klein", title = "Reasoning and change management in modular ontologies", journal = "Data Knowledge Engineering (DKE)", volume = "63", number = "2", pages = "200--223", year = "2007", abstract = "The benefits of modular representations are well known from many areas of computer science. While in software engineering modularization is mainly a vehicle for supporting distributed development and re-use, in knowledge representation, the main goal of modularization is efficiency of reasoning. In this paper, we concentrate on the benefits of modularization in the context of ontologies, explicit representations of the terminology used in a domain. We define a formal representation for modular ontologies based on the notion of Distributed Description Logics and introduce an architecture that supports local reasoning by compiling implied axioms. We further address the problem of guaranteeing the correctness and completeness of compiled knowledge in the presence of changes in different modules. We propose a heuristic for analyzing changes and their impact on compiled knowledge and guiding the process of updating compiled information that can often reduce the effort of maintaining a modular ontology by avoiding unnecessary re-compilation.", URL = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.datak.2007.02.001", }
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M. Klein and U. Visser, "Semantic Web Challenge 2003," IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 19, iss. 3, pp. 31-33, 2004.
@Article{IEEE-IS04,
author = "Michel Klein and Ubbo Visser", title = "{Semantic Web Challenge} 2003", journal = "IEEE Intelligent Systems", year = "2004", month = may # "/" # jun, volume = "19", number = "3", pages = "31--33", abstract = "For several years now, the Semantic Web's promise has been exciting computer science researchers. With the publication of futuristic scenarios in Scientific American, we all know what kind of dreams could eventually become true. However, what's the status nowadays? What kind of things can be realized with today's techniques? How far are we from realizing the dream? Are we moving in the suggested direction? Are any Semantic Web applications out yet?", URL = "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/ex/2004/03/x3031.pdf", }
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N. F. Noy and M. Klein, "Ontology Evolution: Not the Same as Schema Evolution," Knowledge and Information Systems, vol. 6, iss. 4, pp. 428-440, 2004.
@Article{KAIS03,
author = "Natalya F. Noy and Michel Klein", title = "Ontology Evolution: Not the Same as Schema Evolution", journal = "Knowledge and Information Systems", year = "2004", volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "428--440", month = jul, abstract = "As ontology development becomes a more ubiquitous and collaborative process, ontology versioning and evolution becomes an important area of ontology research. The many similarities between database-schema evolution and ontology evolution will allow us to build on the extensive research in schema evolution. However, there are also important differences between database schemas and ontologies. The differences stem from different usage paradigms, the presence of explicit semantics, and different knowledge models. A lot of problems that existed only in theory in database research come to the forefront as practical problems in ontology evolution. These differences have important implications for the development of ontologyevolution frameworks: The traditional distinction between versioning and evolution is not applicable to ontologies. There are several dimensions along which compatibility between versions must be considered. The set of change operations for ontologies is difference. We must develop automatic techniques for finding similarities and differences between versions.", URL = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10115-003-0137-2", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/KAIS03.pdf", }
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J. Broekstra, M. Klein, S. Decker, D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, and I. Horrocks, "Enabling knowledge representation on the Web by extending RDF Schema," Computer Networks, vol. 39, iss. 5, pp. 609-634, 2002.
@Article{CN02,
author = "Jeen Broekstra and Michel Klein and Stefan Decker and Dieter Fensel and Frank van Harmelen and Ian Horrocks", title = "Enabling knowledge representation on the {W}eb by extending {RDF S}chema", journal = "Computer Networks", volume = "39", number = "5", pages = "609--634", month = aug # "~5", year = "2002", abstract = "Recently, a widespread interest has emerged in using ontologies on the Web. RDF Schema (RDFS) is a basic tool that enables users to define vocabulary, structure and constraints for expressing metadata about Web resources. However, it includes no provisions for formal semantics, and its expressivity is not sufficient for full-fledged ontological modeling and reasoning. In this paper, we will show how RDFS can be extended to include a more expressive knowledge representation language. That, in turn, would enrich it with the required additional expressivity and the semantics of that language.We do this by describing the ontology language OIL as an extension of RDFS. An important advantage to our approach is that it ensures maximal sharing of meta-data on the Web: even partial interpretation of an OIL ontology by less semantically aware processors will yield a correct partial interpretation of the meta-data.", URL = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1286(02)00217-7", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/CN02.pdf", }
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Y. Ding, D. Fensel, M. Klein, and B. Omelayenko, "The Semantic Web: yet another hip?," Data \& Knowledge Engineering, vol. 41, iss. 2/3, pp. 205-227, 2002.
@Article{DKE02,
author = "Ying Ding and Dieter Fensel and Michel Klein and Borys Omelayenko", title = "The Semantic Web: yet another hip?", journal = "Data \& Knowledge Engineering", volume = "41", number = "2/3", pages = "205--227", year = "2002", month = jun, abstract = "Currently, computers are changing from single, isolated devices into entry points to a worldwide network of information exchange and business transactions called the World Wide Web (WWW). For this reason, support in data, information, and knowledge exchange has become a key issue in current computer technology. The success of the WWW has made it increasingly difficult to find, access, present, and maintain the information required by a wide variety of users. In response to this problem, many new research initiatives and commercial enterprises have been set up to enrich available information with machine processable semantics. This semantic web will provide intelligent access to heterogeneous, distributed information, enabling software products (agents) to mediate between user needs and the information sources available. This paper summarizes ongoing research in the area of the semantic web, focusing especially on ontology technology.", URL = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-023X(02)00041-1", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/DKE41.pdf", }
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J. Broekstra, M. Klein, S. Decker, D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, and I. Horrocks, "Enabling Knowledge Representation on the Web by Extending RDF Schema," Linköping Electronic Articles in Computer and Information Science, vol. 6, iss. 10, 2001.
@Article{ETAI-sw,
author = "Jeen Broekstra and Michel Klein and Stefan Decker and Dieter Fensel and Frank van Harmelen and Ian Horrocks", title = "Enabling {K}nowledge {R}epresentation on the {W}eb by {E}xtending {RDF S}chema", journal = "Link{\"o}ping Electronic Articles in Computer and Information Science", volume = "6", ISSN = "1401-9841", number = "10", year = "2001", abstract = "Recently, there has been a wide interest in using ontologies on the Web. As a basis for this, RDF Schema (RDFS) provides means to de ne vocabulary, structure and constraints for expressing metadata about Web resources. However, formal semantics are not provided, and the expressivity of it is not enough for full- edged ontological modeling and reasoning. In this paper, we will show how RDFS can be extended in such a way that a full knowledge representation (KR) language can be expressed in it, thus enriching it with the required additional expressivity and the semantics of this language. We do this by describing the ontology language OIL as an extension of RDFS. An important advantage of our approach is a maximal backward compatability with RDFS: any meta-data in OIL format can still be partially interpreted by any RDFS-only-processor. The OIL extension of RDFS has been carefully engineered so that such a partial interpretation of OIL meta-data is still correct under the intended semantics of RDFS: simply ignoring the OIL speci c portions of an OIL document yields a correct RDF(S) document whose intended RDFS semantics is precisely a subset of the semantics of the full OIL statements. In this way, our approach ensures maximal sharing of meta-data on the Web: even partial interpretation of meta-data by less semantically aware processors will yield a correct partial interpretation of the meta- data. We conclude that our method of extending is equally applicable to other KR formalisms.", URL = "http://www.ep.liu.se/ea/cis/2001/010/", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/ETAI-sw.pdf", }
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M. Klein, "XML, RDF, and Relatives (short tutorial)," IEEE Intelligent Systems, special issue on “Semantic Web Technology”, vol. 16, iss. 2, pp. 26-28, 2001.
@Article{IEEE-IS01,
author = "Michel Klein", title = "{XML},
{RDF},
and {R}elatives (short tutorial)", journal = "IEEE Intelligent Systems, special issue on ``Semantic Web Technology''", year = "2001", month = mar # "/" # apr, volume = "16", number = "2", pages = "26--28", abstract = "Languages for representing data and knowledge are an important aspect of the semantic Web. And there are a lot of languages around! Most languages are based on XML or use XML as syntax; some have connections to RDF or RDF Schemas. This tutorial will briefly introduce XML, XML Schemas, RDF, and RDF Schemas.", URL = "http://dlib.computer.org/ex/books/ex2001/pdf/x2026.pdf", }
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M. Klein, D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, and I. Horrocks, "The Relation between Ontologies and XML Schemas," Linköping Electronic Articles in Computer and Information Science, vol. 6, iss. 4, 2001.
@Article{ETAI-ds,
author = "Michel Klein and Dieter Fensel and Frank van Harmelen and Ian Horrocks", title = "The {R}elation between {O}ntologies and {XML S}chemas", journal = "Link{\"o}ping Electronic Articles in Computer and Information Science", volume = "6", ISSN = "1401-9841", number = "4", year = "2001", abstract = "Support in the exchange of data, information, and knowledge is becoming a key issue in current computer technology. Ontologies may play a major role in supporting the information exchange processes, as they provide a shared and common understanding of a domain. However, it is still an important question how ontologies can be applied fruitfully to online resources. Therefore, we will investigate the relation between ontology representation languages and document structure techniques (schemas) on the web. We will do this by giving a detailed comparison of OIL, a proposal for expressing ontologies in the Web, with XML Schema, a proposed standard for describing the structure and semantics of XML based documents. We will argue that these two refer to different levels of abstraction, but that, in several cases, it can be advantageous to base a document schema on an ontology. Lastly, we will show how this can be done by providing an translation procedure from an OIL ontology to a specific XML Schema. This will result in a schema that can be used to capture instances of the ontology.", URL = "http://www.ep.liu.se/ea/cis/2001/004/", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/ETAI-ds.pdf", }
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S. Decker, S. Melnik, F. van Harmelen, D. Fensel, M. Klein, J. Broekstra, M. Erdmann, and I. Horrocks, "The semantic web: The Roles of XML and RDF," IEEE Internet Computing, special issue “Knowledge Networking”, vol. 4, iss. 5, pp. 63-74, 2000.
@Article{IEEE-IC00,
author = "Stefan Decker and Sergey Melnik and Frank van Harmelen and Dieter Fensel and Michel Klein and Jeen Broekstra and Michael Erdmann and Ian Horrocks", title = "The semantic web: The Roles of {XML} and {RDF}", journal = "IEEE Internet Computing, special issue ``Knowledge Networking''", year = "2000", month = sep # "/" # oct, volume = "4", number = "5", pages = "63--74", abstract = "The World Wide Web is possible because a set of widely established standards guarantees interoperability at various levels. Until now, the Web has been designed for direct human processing, but the next-generation Web, which Tim Berners-Lee and others call the ``Seman-tic Web,'' aims at machine-processible information.1 The Semantic Web will enable intelligent services such as information brokers, search agents, and information filters, which offers greater functionality and interoper-ability than current stand-alone services. The Semantic Web will only be possible once further levels of interop-erability have been established. Standards must be defined not only for the syntactic form of documents, but also for their semantic content. Notable among recent W3C standardization efforts are XML/XML schema and RDF/RDF schema, which facilitate semantic interoperability. In this article, we explain the role of ontologies in the architecture of the Semantic Web. We then briefly summarize key elements of XML and RDF, showing why using XML as a tool for semantic interoperability will be ineffective in the long run. We argue that a further representation and inference layer is needed on top of the Web's current layers, and to estab-lish such a layer, we propose a general method for encoding ontology rep-resentation languages into RDF/RDF schema. We illustrate the extension method by applying it to OIL, an ontology representation and inference language.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/IEEE-IC00.pdf", }
Conference and workshop publications
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T. Bosse, M. Hoogendoorn, M. C. A. Klein, and J. Treur, "A Component-Based Agent Model for Assessment of Driving Behaviour," in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing (UIC’08), Oslo, Norway, 2008, pp. 229-243.
@InProceedings{UIC08,
author = "Tibor Bosse and Mark Hoogendoorn and Michel C. A. Klein and Jan Treur", title = "A Component-Based Agent Model for Assessment of Driving Behaviour", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing (UIC'08)", year = "2008", URL = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69293-5_19", address = "Oslo, Norway", month = jun # "~23-25,", publisher = "Springer", series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", volume = "5061", editor = "Frode Eika Sandnes and Mark Burgess and Chunming Rong", pages = "229--243", abstract = "", }
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A. Heuvelink, M. C. A. Klein, and J. Treur, "An Agent Memory Model Enabling Rational and Biased Reasoning," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT’08), 2008.
@InProceedings{IAT08,
author = "Annerieke Heuvelink and Michel C. A. Klein and Jan Treur", title = "An Agent Memory Model Enabling Rational and Biased Reasoning", booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT'08)", year = "2008", }
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R. Duell, M. Hoogendoorn, M. C. A. Klein, and J. Treur, "An Ambient Intelligent Agent Model using Controlled Model-Based Reasoning to Determine Causes and Remedies for Monitored Problems," in Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Human Aspects in Ambient Intelligence at IAT 2008, 2008.
@InProceedings{IAT08-HAI,
author = "Rob Duell and Mark Hoogendoorn and Michel C. A. Klein and Jan Treur", title = "An Ambient Intelligent Agent Model using Controlled Model-Based Reasoning to Determine Causes and Remedies for Monitored Problems", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Human Aspects in Ambient Intelligence at IAT 2008", year = "2008", }
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M. Hoogendoorn, M. C. A. Klein, Z. Memon, and J. Treur, "Formal Analysis of Intelligent Agents for Model-Based Medicine Usage Managment," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Informatics, HEALTHINF 2008, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, 2008, pp. 148-155.
@InProceedings{HEALTHINF08,
author = "Mark Hoogendoorn and Michel C. A. Klein and Zulfiqar Memon and Jan Treur", title = "Formal Analysis of Intelligent Agents for Model-Based Medicine Usage Managment", booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Informatics, HEALTHINF 2008", year = "2008", pages = "148--155", editor = "L. Azevedo and A. R. Londral", publisher = "INSTICC Press", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/HEALTHINF2008.pdf", month = jan # "~28--31,", address = "Funchal, Madeira, Portugal", abstract = "A model-based agent system model for medicine usage management is presented and formally analysed. The model incorporates an intelligent ambient agent model that has an explicit representation of a dynamical system model to estimate the medicine level in the patient's body by simulation, is able to analyse whether the patient intends to take the medicine too early or too late, and can take measures to prevent this.", note = "Followed-up by a CCIS publication.", }
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T. Bosse, M. Hoogendoorn, M. C. A. Klein, and J. Treur, "An Agent-Based Generic Model for Human-Like Ambience," in Constructing Ambient Intelligence: AmI-07 Workshops Proceedings, 2008, pp. 93-103.
@InProceedings{AMI07ws-gm,
author = "Tibor Bosse and Mark Hoogendoorn and Michel C. A. Klein and Jan Treur", title = "An Agent-Based Generic Model for Human-Like Ambience", booktitle = "Constructing Ambient Intelligence: AmI-07 Workshops Proceedings", editor = "Max Muhlhauser and Alois Ferscha and Erwin Aitenbichler", series = "Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS)", volume = "11", pages = "93--103", year = "2008", publisher = "Springer Verlag", note = "Revised version of the 2007 AmI workshop publication.", }
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M. Hoogendoorn, M. C. A. Klein, and J. Treur, "Formal Design and Simulation of an Ambient Multi-Agent System Model for Medicine Usage Management," in Constructing Ambient Intelligence: AmI-07 Workshops Proceedings, 2008, pp. 207-217.
@InProceedings{AMI07ws-medicine,
author = "Mark Hoogendoorn and Michel C. A. Klein and Jan Treur", title = "Formal Design and Simulation of an Ambient Multi-Agent System Model for Medicine Usage Management", booktitle = "Constructing Ambient Intelligence: AmI-07 Workshops Proceedings", editor = "Max Muhlhauser and Alois Ferscha and Erwin Aitenbichler", series = "Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS)", volume = "11", pages = "207--217", year = "2008", publisher = "Springer Verlag", note = "Revised version of the 2007 AmI workshop (AAL) publication.", }
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A. Heuvelink, M. C. A. Klein, and J. Treur, "A Formal Approach to Aggregated Belief Formation," in Proceedings of Cooperative Information Agents XII (CIA 2008), Prague, Czech Republic, 2008.
@InProceedings{CIA08,
author = "Annerieke Heuvelink and Michel C. A. Klein and Jan Treur", title = "A Formal Approach to Aggregated Belief Formation", booktitle = "Proceedings of Cooperative Information Agents XII (CIA 2008)", year = "2008", URL = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85834-8_8", address = "Prague, Czech Republic", month = sep # "~10-12,", publisher = "Springer", series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", volume = "5180", abstract = "This paper introduces a formal method to aggregate over basic beliefs, in order to deduce aggregated or complex beliefs as often used in applications. Complex beliefs can represent several things, such as a belief about a period in which other beliefs held or the minimal or maximal certainty with which a belief held. As such they contain richer information than the basic beliefs they are aggregated from and can be used to optimize an agent.s search through its memory and its reasoning processes. The developed method can also aggregate over aggregated beliefs, hence nested aggregations are possible. An implementation in Prolog demonstrates its operationality.", }
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F. Both, M. Hoogendoorn, M. C. A. Klein, and J. Treur, "Formalizing Dynamics of Mood and Depression," in Proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI’08), Patras, Greece, 2008, pp. 266-270.
@InProceedings{ECAI08,
author = "Fiemke Both and Mark Hoogendoorn and Michel C. A. Klein and Jan Treur", title = "Formalizing Dynamics of Mood and Depression", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI'08)", year = "2008", URL = "http://www.few.vu.nl/%7Ewai/Papers/ECAI08mood.pdf", address = "Patras, Greece", pages = "266--270", publisher = "IOS Press", editor = "M. Ghallab and C. D. Spyropoulos and N. Fakotakis and N. Avouris", month = jul # "~21-25,", abstract = "Both for developing human-like virtual agents and for developing intelligent systems that make use of knowledge about the emotional state of the user, it is important to model the mood of a person. In this paper, a model for simulating the dynamics of mood in human or human-like agents is presented. Psychological theories about a uni-polar clinical depression were used as a basis for inspiration and validation. A formal mathematical model is introduced that integrates several aspects of these existing theories. The model was analyzed both by simulations as mathematically, and it was shown that the model can describe how stress factors under some conditions can lead to a depression, while it won.t lead to a depression under other conditions.", }
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M. Hoogendoorn, M. C. A. Klein, and B. Mosch, "Online application for simulating intelligent support for medicine intake," in Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA 2008), Athens, Greece, 2008, p. 76.
@InProceedings{PETRA08,
author = "Mark Hoogendoorn and Michel C. A. Klein and Borre Mosch", title = "Online application for simulating intelligent support for medicine intake", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA 2008)", year = "2008", pages = "76", URL = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1389586.1389674", publisher = "ACM", series = "ACM International Conference Proceeding Series", volume = "282", month = jul # "~16-18,", address = "Athens, Greece", }
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M. Hoogendoorn, M. C. A. Klein, and J. Treur, "Formal Design and Analysis of an Ambient Multi-Agent System Model for Medicine Usage Management," in Proceedings of the International Workshop on Ambient Assisted Living, AAL’07, Darmstadt, Germany, 2007.
@InProceedings{AAL07,
author = "Mark Hoogendoorn and Michel C. A. Klein and Jan Treur", title = "Formal Design and Analysis of an Ambient Multi-Agent System Model for Medicine Usage Management", booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Workshop on Ambient Assisted Living, AAL'07", year = "2007", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/AAL2007.pdf", address = "Darmstadt, Germany", month = nov # "~10,", abstract = "A formally specified multi-agent-based model for medicine usage management is presented and formally analysed. The model incorporates an intelligent ambient agent model that has an explicit representation of a dynamic system model to estimate the medicine level in the patient's body by simulation, and is able to analyse whether the patient intends to take the medicine too early or too late.", note = "Followed-up by a CCIS publication.", }
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G. R. Wildeboer, M. C. A. Klein, and E. M. Uijttenbroek, "Explaining the Relevance of Court Decisions to Laymen," in The 20th Anniversary International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems, JURIX 2007, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2007, pp. 129-138.
@InProceedings{JURIX07,
author = "Gwen R. Wildeboer and Michel C. A. Klein and Elisabeth M. Uijttenbroek", title = "Explaining the Relevance of Court Decisions to Laymen", booktitle = "The 20th Anniversary International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems, JURIX 2007", year = "2007", editor = "Arno R. Lodder and Laurens Mommers", series = "Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications", pages = "129--138", publisher = "IOS Press", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/JURIX07.pdf", month = dec # "~12-15,", address = "Leiden, the Netherlands", abstract = "In the context of intelligent disclosure of case law, we report on our findings with respect to the presentation of relevant court decisions back to the laymen users. For this presentation we first localize the relevant legal concepts in the cases using shallow NLP techniques. Hereafter we investigated the use of techniques from the field of recommender systems, i.e. keyword style explanation and influence style explanation, to present the cases to the user in an understandable way. In order to find out if we succeeded in that respect, we conducted a small user satisfaction research. It shows promising results, and gives us some directions for future research.", }
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L. Peelen, M. C. A. Klein, S. Schlobach, N. F. de Keizer, and N. Peek, "Analyzing Differences in Operational Disease Definitions Using Ontological Modeling." 2007.
@InProceedings{sepsis-DL,
author = "Linda Peelen and Michel C. A. Klein and Stefan Schlobach and Nicolette F. de Keizer and Niels Peek", title = "Analyzing Differences in Operational Disease Definitions Using Ontological Modeling", year = "2007", note = "submitted", abstract = "In medicine, there are many diseases which cannot be precisely characterized but are considered as natural kinds. In the communication between health care professionals, this is generally not problematic. In biomedical research, however, crisp definitions are required to unambiguously distinguish patients with and without the disease. In practice, this results in multiple, operational definitions being in use for a single disease, which are defined ad hoc. Comparing those definitions, e.g, for trial design, statistical analysis or guideline development, is complicated by the complex structure of the definitions. This paper presents an approach to analyze and compare different operational definitions of a single disease using ontological modeling. The concept of an operationalization hierarchy is introduced, which is used to model the concepts related to a disease, and their relations. The resulting model is subsequently used to analyze to which extent the disease definitions can be considered similar. The approach is illustrated with a comparison of different operational definitions of severe sepsis.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/sepsis-DL-modeling.pdf", }
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E. M. Uijttenbroek, M. C. A. Klein, A. R. Lodder, and F. van Harmelen, "Case law retrieval by concept search and visualization," in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, ICAIL 2007, Stanford, CA, USA, 2007, pp. 95-96.
@InProceedings{ICAIL07,
author = "Elisabeth M. Uijttenbroek and Michel C. A. Klein and Arno R. Lodder and Frank van Harmelen", title = "Case law retrieval by concept search and visualization", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, ICAIL 2007", year = "2007", pages = "95--96", publisher = "ACM", URL = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1276318.1276336", month = jun # "~4-8,", address = "Stanford, CA, USA", }
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M. C. A. Klein, P. Mika, and S. Schlobach, "Rough Description Logics for Modeling Uncertainty in Instance Unification," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web, URSW 2007, Busan, Korea, 2007.
@InProceedings{URSW2007,
author = "Michel C. A. Klein and Peter Mika and Stefan Schlobach", title = "Rough Description Logics for Modeling Uncertainty in Instance Unification", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Workshop on Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web, URSW 2007", volume = "327", series = "CEUR Workshop Proceedings", year = "2007", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/URSW2007.pdf", address = "Busan, Korea", month = nov # "~12,", abstract = "Instance-unification is a prime example for uncertainty on the Semantic Web, as it is not always possible to automatically determine with absolute certainty whether two references denote the same object or not. In this paper, we present openacademia, a semantics-based system for the management of distributed bibliographic information collected from the Web, in which the Instance Unification problem is ubiquitous. Our tentative solution is Rough DL, a simple extension of classical Description Logics, which allows for approximations of vague concept. This shows that already a simple formalism for dealing with uncertain information in a qualitative way can provide an elegant solution to practical problems on the Semantic Web.", }
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T. Bosse, M. Hoogendoorn, M. C. A. Klein, and J. Treur, "An Agent-Based Generic Model for Human-Like Ambience," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Model Driven Software Engineering for Ambient Intelligence Applications, Darmstadt, Germany, 2007.
@InProceedings{SEforAI2007,
author = "Tibor Bosse and Mark Hoogendoorn and Michel C. A. Klein and Jan Treur", title = "An Agent-Based Generic Model for Human-Like Ambience", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Workshop on Model Driven Software Engineering for Ambient Intelligence Applications", year = "2007", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/SEforAI2007.pdf", address = "Darmstadt, Germany", month = nov # "~7,", abstract = "A reusable agent-based generic model is presented for a specific class of Ambient Intelligence applications: those cases addressing human wellbeing and functioning from a human-like understanding. The model incorporates ontologies, knowledge and dynamic models from human-directed sciences such as psychology, social science, neuroscience and biomedical sciences. The model has been formally specified, and it is shown how for specific applications it can be instantiated by application-specific elements, thus providing an executable specification that can be used for prototyping. Moreover, it is shown how dynamic properties can be formally specified and verified against generated traces.", note = "Followed-up by a CCIS publication.", }
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S. Schlobach, M. Klein, and L. Peelen, "Description Logics with Approximate Definitions: Precise Modeling of Vague Concepts," in Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 07, Hyderabad, India, 2007.
@InProceedings{IJCAI07,
author = "Stefan Schlobach and Michel Klein and Linda Peelen", title = "Description Logics with Approximate Definitions: Precise Modeling of Vague Concepts", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 07", editor = "Manuela Veloso", month = jan # "~6--12,", year = "2007", address = "Hyderabad, India", abstract = "We extend traditional Description Logics (DL) with a simple mechanism to handle approximate concept definitions in a qualitative way. Often, for example in medical applications, concepts are not definable in a crisp way but can fairly exhaustively be constrained through a particular sub- and a particular super-concept. We introduce such lower and upper approximations based on rough-set semantics, and show that reasoning in these languages can be reduced to standard DL satisfiability. This allows us to apply Rough Description Logics in a study of medical trials about sepsis patients, which is a typical application for precise modeling of vague knowledge. The study shows that Rough DL-based reasoning can be done in a realistic use case and that modeling vague knowledge helps to answer important questions in the design of clinical trials.", }
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L. Peelen, M. C. A. Klein, S. Schlobach, N. de Keizer, and N. Peek, "Analyzing Differences in Operational Disease Definitions Using Ontological Modeling," in Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 2007, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2007, pp. 297-302.
@InProceedings{AIME07,
author = "Linda Peelen and Michel C. A. Klein and Stefan Schlobach and Nicolette de Keizer and Niels Peek", title = "Analyzing Differences in Operational Disease Definitions Using Ontological Modeling", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 2007", year = "2007", pages = "297--302", URL = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73599-1_40", editor = "Riccardo Bellazzi and Ameen Abu-Hanna and Jim Hunter", publisher = "Springer", series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", volume = "4594", address = "Amsterdam, the Netherlands", month = jul # "~7-11,", abstract = "In medicine, there are many diseases which cannot be precisely characterized but are considered as natural kinds. In the communication between health care professionals, this is generally not problematic. In biomedical research, however, crisp definitions are required to unambiguously distinguish patients with and without the disease. In practice, this results in different operational definitions being in use for a single disease. This paper presents an approach to compare different operational definitions of a single disease using ontological modeling. The approach is illustrated with a case-study in the area of severe sepsis.", }
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L. Peelen, M. C. A. Klein, S. Schlobach, N. F. de Keizer, and N. Peek, "Analyzing Differences in Operational Disease Definitions using Ontological Modeling with an Application in Severe Sepsis," in Proceedings of the 19th Belgian-Dutch Conference on Artificial Intelligence (BNAIC’07), Utrecht, the Netherlands, 2007, pp. 268-275.
@InProceedings{BNAIC07,
author = "Linda Peelen and Michel C. A. Klein and Stefan Schlobach and Nicolette F. de Keizer and Niels Peek", title = "Analyzing Differences in Operational Disease Definitions using Ontological Modeling with an Application in Severe Sepsis", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Belgian-Dutch Conference on Artificial Intelligence (BNAIC'07)", month = nov # "~5--6,", editor = "Mehdi Dastani and Edwin de Jong", year = "2007", pages = "268--275", address = "Utrecht, the Netherlands", abstract = "In medicine, many diseases cannot be defined unequivocally by etiology or anatomical localization, but are instead described by a combination of signs and symptoms that are common in patients believed to be having that disease. In communication between health care professionals, this is generally not problematic. In biomedical research, however, crisp definitions are required to distinguish patients with and without the disease. This results in different operational definitions being in use for a single disease. Comparing those definitions, e.g, for trial design, is complicated by their complex structure. This paper presents an approach to compare different operational definitions of a single disease in a systematic manner using formal ontological modeling and reasoning. The concept of an operationalization hierarchy is introduced, which is subsequently used to model and analyze operational disease definitions. The approach is illustrated with a case-study in the area of severe sepsis.", }
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S. Schlobach, M. Klein, and L. Peelen, "DLs with Approximate Definitions," in Proceedings of the 19th Belgian-Dutch Conference on Artificial Intelligence (BNAIC’07), Utrecht, the Netherlands, 2007, pp. 393-394.
@InProceedings{BNAIC07s,
author = "Stefan Schlobach and Michel Klein and Linda Peelen", title = "{DL}s with Approximate Definitions", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Belgian-Dutch Conference on Artificial Intelligence (BNAIC'07)", month = nov # "~5--6,", editor = "Mehdi Dastani and Edwin de Jong", year = "2007", pages = "393--394", address = "Utrecht, the Netherlands", note = "Summary of the IJCAI 07 publication.", }
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M. C. A. Klein, W. van Steenbergen, E. M. Uijttenbroek, A. R. Lodder, and F. van Harmelen, "Thesaurus-based Retrieval of Case Law," in Proceedings of the 19th International JURIX conference, Paris, France, 2006.
@InProceedings{JURIX2006,
author = "Michel C. A. Klein and Wouter van Steenbergen and Elisabeth M. Uijttenbroek and Arno R. Lodder and Frank van Harmelen", title = "Thesaurus-based Retrieval of Case Law", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th International JURIX conference", editor = "Tom van Engers", month = dec # "~5--7,", year = "2006", address = "Paris, France", publisher = "IOS Press", abstract = "In the context of intelligent disclosure of case law, we report on our findings on methods for retrieving relevant case law within the domain of tort law from a repository of 68.000 court verdicts. We apply a thesaurus-based technique to find specific legal situations. It appears that statistical measures of term relevance are not sufficient, but that explicit knowledge about specific formulations used in law and case law are required to distinguish relevant case law from irrelevant. In addition, we found out that the retrieving legal concepts with an ``interpretive'' character requires a different method than concepts do not require additional interpretation.", URL = "http://www.best-project.nl/pubs/JURIX2006-draft.pdf", }
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Z. Aleksovski, M. Klein, W. ten Kate, and F. van Harmelen, "Matching Unstructured Vocabularies using a Background Ontology," in Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, EKAW 2006, Podebrady, Czech Republic, 2006.
@InProceedings{EKAW06,
author = "Zharko Aleksovski and Michel Klein and Warner ten Kate and Frank van Harmelen", title = "Matching Unstructured Vocabularies using a Background Ontology", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, EKAW 2006", editor = "Steffen Staab and Vojtech Svatek", month = oct # "~2--6,", year = "2006", address = "Podebrady, Czech Republic", abstract = "Existing ontology matching algorithms use a combination of lexical and structural correspondence between source and target ontologies. We present a realistic case-study where both types of overlap are low: matching two unstructured lists of vocabulary used to describe patients at Intensive Care Units in two different hospitals. We show that indeed existing matchers fail on our data. We then discuss the use of background knowledge in ontology matching problems. In particular, we discuss the case where the source and the target ontology are of poor semantics, such as flat lists, and where the background knowledge is of rich semantics, providing extensive descriptions of the properties of the concepts involved. We evaluate our results against a Gold Standard set of matches that we obtained from human experts.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/EKAW00.pdf", }
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M. Klein and Z. Aleksovski, "Using Lexical and Logical Methods for the Alignment of Medical Terminologies," in Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 05, Aberdeen, UK, 2005.
@InProceedings{AIME05,
author = "Michel Klein and Zharko Aleksovski", title = "Using Lexical and Logical Methods for the Alignment of Medical Terminologies", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 05", editor = "Silvia Miksch and Jim Hunter and Elpida Keravnou", month = jul # "~25--27,", year = "2005", address = "Aberdeen, UK", publisher = "Springer", abstract = "Standardized medical terminologies are often used for the registration of patient data. In several situations there is a need to align these terminologies to other terminologies. Even when the terminologies cover the same domain, this is often a non-trivial task. The task is even more complicated when the terminology does not contain much structure. In this paper we describe the initial results of a procedure for mapping a terminology with little or no structure to a structure-rich terminology. This procedure uses the knowledge of the structure-rich terminology and a method for semantic explicitation of concept descriptions. The first results shows that, when compared to approaches based on syntactic analysis only, the recall can be greatly improved without sacrificing much of the precision.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/AIME05.pdf", }
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Z. Aleksovski and M. Klein, "Ontology Mapping using Background Knowledge," in Proceedings of Third International Conference on Knowledge Capture, K-CAP 05, Banff, Canada, 2005.
@InProceedings{KCAP05,
author = "Zharko Aleksovski and Michel Klein", title = "Ontology Mapping using Background Knowledge", booktitle = "Proceedings of Third International Conference on Knowledge Capture, K-CAP 05", editor = "Peter Clark and Guus Schreiber", month = oct # "~2--5,", year = "2005", address = "Banff, Canada", publisher = "ACM", abstract = "In this paper, we report on a method for aligning two lists of terms using structure-rich ontologies as background knowledge. The results of the method can be seen as suggested mapping candidates to users that perform an ontology alignment task. We applied the method on lists of medical terms, and we discuss the outcome.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/KCAP05.pdf", }
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R. Cornet and M. Klein, "Representing and Using Template-Knowledge for a Medical Ontology in Protégé," in Proceedings of 8th International Protégé Conference, Madrid, Spain, 2005.
@InProceedings{Protege05,
author = "Ronald Cornet and Michel Klein", title = "Representing and Using Template-Knowledge for a Medical Ontology in Prot\'eg\'e", booktitle = "Proceedings of 8th International Prot\'eg\'e Conference", editor = "Ray Fergerson and Natasha Noy", month = jul # "~18--21,", year = "2005", address = "Madrid, Spain", abstract = "We present a medical ontology that is used for registering health problems at intensive care units in hospitals. Because of its flexible architecture it is necessary to be able to determine equivalence and subsumption automatically. These two tasks require two types of knowledge to be encoded: definitional knowledge and template knowledge. We discuss how both kinds of knowledge can be made explicit and used in Prot‘eg‘e, using the OWL language. In our approach, we have to mix description logic (DL) style of knowledge representation with a frame-based style of representation. The consistency between both is an important issue. Our aim with this paper is to demonstrate and discuss approaches to augment DL-based representations with frame-based meta-knowledge.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/Protege05.pdf", }
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M. Klein and Z. Aleksovski, "Using Lexical and Logical Methods for the Alignment of Medical Terminologies," in Proceedings of the 17th Belgian-Dutch Conference on Artificial Intelligence (BNAIC’05), Brussels, Belgium, 2005.
@InProceedings{BNAIC05,
author = "Michel Klein and Zharko Aleksovski", title = "Using Lexical and Logical Methods for the Alignment of Medical Terminologies", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Belgian-Dutch Conference on Artificial Intelligence (BNAIC'05)", month = oct # "~17--18,", year = "2005", address = "Brussels, Belgium", note = "Summary of AIME 05 publication.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/BNAIC05.pdf", }
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P. Mika, M. Klein, and R. and Serban, "Semantics-based Publication Management using RSS and FOAF," in Proceedings of the Semantic Desktop Workshop at the ISWC, Galway, Ireland, 2005.
@InProceedings{SemDesktop05,
author = "Peter Mika and Michel Klein and and Radu Serban", title = "Semantics-based Publication Management using {RSS} and {FOAF}", year = "2005", month = nov, volume = "175", series = "CEUR Workshop Proceedings", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Semantic Desktop Workshop at the ISWC", address = "Galway, Ireland", editor = "Stefan Decker and Jack Park and Dennis Quan and Leo Sauermann", abstract = "Listing references to scientific publications on personal or group homepages is a common practice. Doing this in a consistent and structured manner either requires a lot of discipline or a centralized database. Scientific publication, however, is a distributed activity by nature. We present a completely distributed and RDF-based implementation for disseminating references to scientific publications. Our application only uses existing information sources and allows for different output formats, e.g. HTML, RSS and RDF.", URL = "http://CEUR-WS.org/Vol-175/6_mika_swvu_final.pdf", }
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H. Stuckenschmidt and M. Klein, "Structure-Based Partitioning of Large Concept Hierarchies," in 3rd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC2004), Hiroshima, Japan, 2004.
@InProceedings{ISWC04-partitioning,
author = "Heiner Stuckenschmidt and Michel Klein", title = "Structure-Based Partitioning of Large Concept Hierarchies", booktitle = "3rd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC2004)", month = nov # ",~7 -- 11", year = "2004", address = "Hiroshima, Japan", abstract = "The increasing awareness of the benefits of ontologies for information processing has lead to the creation of a number of large ontologies about real world domains. The size of these ontologies and their monolithic character cause serious problems in handling them. In other areas, e.g. software engineering, these problems are tackled by partitioning monolithic entities into sets of meaningful and mostly self-contained modules. In this paper, we suggest a similar approach for ontologies. We propose a method for automatically partitioning large ontologies into smaller modules based on the structure of the class hierarchy. We show that the structure-based performs surprisingly well on real world ontologies. We support this claim by experiments carried out on real world ontologies including SUMO and the NCI cancer ontology. The results of these experiments are available online at http://swserver.cs.vu.nl/partitioning/.", note = "See \url{http://swserver.cs.vu.nl/partitioning/}", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/ISWC04-partitioning.pdf", }
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H. Stuckenschmidt and M. Klein, "Towards Automatic Partitioning of Class Hierarchies," in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Knowledge Management and Decision Support (ICKMDS’04), Porto, Portugal, 2004.
@InProceedings{ICKMDS04,
author = "Heiner Stuckenschmidt and Michel Klein", title = "Towards Automatic Partitioning of Class Hierarchies", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Knowledge Management and Decision Support (ICKMDS'04)", month = jul # ",~21 -- 23", year = "2004", address = "Porto, Portugal", abstract = "The increasing awareness of the benefits of ontologies for information processing has lead to the creation of a number of large ontologies about real world domains. The size of these ontologies and their monolithic character cause serious problems in handling them. In other areas, e.g. software engineering, these problems are tackled by partitioning monolithic entities into sets of meaningful and mostly self-contained modules. In this paper, we suggest a similar approach for ontologies. We propose propose an approach for automatically partitioning large ontologies into smaller modules based on the structure of the class hierarchy. The method is demonstrated on a part of the UMLS semantic network. Experiments with larger ontologies are available online at http://swserver.cs.vu.nl/partitioning/.", note = "See \url{http://swserver.cs.vu.nl/partitioning/}", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~heiner/public/ICKMDS04.pdf", }
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N. F. Noy, S. Kunnatur, M. Klein, and M. A. Musen, "Tracking Changes During Ontology Evolution," in 3rd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC2004), Hiroshima, Japan, 2004.
@InProceedings{ISWC04-changes,
author = "Natalya F. Noy and Sandhya Kunnatur and Michel Klein and Mark A. Musen", title = "Tracking Changes During Ontology Evolution", booktitle = "3rd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC2004)", month = nov # ",~7 -- 11", year = "2004", address = "Hiroshima, Japan", abstract = "As ontology development becomes a collaborative process, developers face the problem of maintaining versions of ontologies akin to maintaining versions of software code or versions of documents in large projects. Traditional versioning systems enable users to compare versions, examine changes, and accept or reject changes. However, while versioning systems treat software code and text documents as text files, a versioning system for ontologies must compare and present structural changes rather than changes in text representation of ontologies. In this paper, we present the PROMPTDIFF ontology-versioning environment, which address these challenges. PROMPTDIFF includes an efficient version-comparison algorithm that produces a structural diff between ontologies. The results are presented to the users through an intuitive user interface for analyzing the changes that enables users to view concepts and groups of concepts that were added, deleted, and moved, distinguished by their appearance and with direct access to additional information characterizing the change. The users can then act on the changes, accepting or rejecting them. We present results of a pilot user study that demonstrate the effectiveness of the tool for change management. We discuss design principles for an end-to-end ontology-versioning environment and position ontology versioning as a component in a general ontology-management framework.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/ISWC04-changes.pdf", }
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H. Stuckenschmidt and M. Klein, "Integrity and Change in Modular Ontologies," in Proceedingso of the 18th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Acapulco, Mexico, 2003.
@InProceedings{IJCAI03,
author = "Heiner Stuckenschmidt and Michel Klein", title = "Integrity and Change in Modular Ontologies", year = "2003", month = aug, booktitle = "Proceedingso of the 18th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence", address = "Acapulco, Mexico", abstract = "The benefits of modular representations are well known from many areas of computer science. In this paper, we concentrate on the benefits of modular ontologies with respect to local containment of terminological reasoning. We define an architecture for modular ontologies that supports local reasoning by compiling implied subsumption relations. We further address the problem of guaranteeing the integrity of a modular ontology in the presence of local changes. We propose a strategy for analyzing changes and guiding the process of updating compiled information.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/IJCAI03.pdf", }
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N. F. Noy and M. Klein, "Visualizing Changes during Ontology Evolution," in Collected Posters ISWC 2003, Sanibal Island, Florida, USA, 2003.
@InProceedings{ISWC03-poster,
author = "Natalya F. Noy and Michel Klein", title = "Visualizing Changes during Ontology Evolution", booktitle = "Collected Posters ISWC 2003", month = oct, year = "2003", address = "Sanibal Island, Florida, USA", }
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M. Klein and H. Stuckenschmidt, "Evolution Management for Interconnected Ontologies," in Workshop on Semantic Integration at ISWC 2003, Sanibel Island, Florida, 2003.
@InProceedings{ISWC03-ws,
author = "Michel Klein and Heiner Stuckenschmidt", title = "Evolution Management for Interconnected Ontologies", booktitle = "Workshop on Semantic Integration at ISWC 2003", editor = "AnHai Doan and Alon Halevy and Natasha Noy", month = oct # "20,", year = "2003", address = "Sanibel Island, Florida", abstract = "Mappings between ontologies are easily harmed by changes in the ontologies. In this paper we explain a mechanism to define modular ontologies and mappings in a way that allows for local containment of terminological reasoning. We have also developed a change detection and analysis method that predicts the effect of changes on the concept hierarchy. This method determines whether the changes in one ontology affect the reasoning inside other ontologies or not. Together, these mechanisms allow ontologies to evolve without unpredictable effects on other ontologies. In this paper, we also apply these methods in a case study that is undertaken in a EU IST project.", URL = "http://CEUR-WS.org/Vol-82/SI_paper_10.pdf", }
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M. Klein and N. F. Noy, "A Component-Based Framework For Ontology Evolution," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Ontologies and Distributed Systemsm, IJCAI ’03, Acapulco, Mexico, 2003.
@InProceedings{IJCAI03-ws,
author = "Michel Klein and Natalya F. Noy", title = "A Component-Based Framework For Ontology Evolution", year = "2003", month = aug # "9,", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Workshop on Ontologies and Distributed Systemsm, IJCAI '03", address = "Acapulco, Mexico", abstract = "Support for ontology evolution becomes extremely important in distributed development and use of ontologies. Information about change can be represented in many different ways. We describe these different representations and propose a framework that integrates them. We show how different representations in the framework are related by describing some techniques and heuristics that supplement information in one representation with information from other representations. We present an ontology of change operations, which is the kernel of our framework.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/OntologyEvolution.pdf", note = "Also available as Technical Report IR-504, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam", }
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D. Fensel, C. Bussler, Y. Ding, V. Kartseva, M. Klein, M. Korotkiy, B. Omelayenko, and R. Siebes, "Semantic Web Application Areas," in Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems (NLDB 2002), Stockholm, Sweden, 2002.
@InProceedings{NLDB02,
author = "Dieter Fensel and Christoph Bussler and Ying Ding and Vera Kartseva and Michel Klein and Maksym Korotkiy and Borys Omelayenko and Ronny Siebes", title = "Semantic Web Application Areas", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems (NLDB 2002)", month = jun # "~27--28,", year = "2002", address = "Stockholm, Sweden", abstract = "Currently, computers are changing from single, isolated devices into entry points to a worldwide network of information exchange and business transactions called the World Wide Web (WWW). However, the success of the WWW has made it increasingly difficult to find, access, present and maintain the information required by a wide variety of users. In response to this problem, many new research initiatives and commercial enterprises have been set up to enrich the available information with machine-processable semantics. This Semantic Web will provide intelligent access to heterogeneous, distributed information, enabling software products (agents) to mediate between user needs and the information sources available. In this paper we describe some areas for application of this new technology. We focus on ongoing work in the fields of knowledge management and electronic commerce. We also take a perspective on the semantic web-enabled web services which will help to bring the semantic web to its full potential.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/NLDB02.pdf", }
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M. Klein, "Supporting Evolving Ontologies on the Internet," in Proceedings of the EDBT 2002 PhD Workshop, Prague, Czech Republic, 2002, pp. 597-606.
@InProceedings{EDBT02-ws,
author = "Michel Klein", title = "Supporting Evolving Ontologies on the Internet", booktitle = "Proceedings of the {EDBT} 2002 {PhD} Workshop", editor = "Wolfgang Lindner and J{\'u}lius {\v{S}}tuller", address = "Prague, Czech Republic", month = mar # "~28", year = "2002", series = "LNCS", number = "2490", pages = "597--606", abstract = "The idea of a ``Semantic Web'' has created a lot of interest in the use of ontologies---formal descriptions of a part of the world---for describing the meaning of information on the web. However, when ontologies are used on the web, several problems appear: how can different ontologies be combined, what happens when they are changed, and how should they be adapted for new tasks. Those questions require the management of ontologies, their use and their evolution. This paper describes a research project that will investigate the management of ontologies in an web-based setting.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/EDBT02-ws.pdf", }
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M. Klein, D. Fensel, A. Kiryakov, and D. Ognyanov, "Ontology Versioning and Change Detection on the Web," in 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW02), Sigüenza, Spain, 2002, p. 197.
@InProceedings{EKAW02,
author = "Michel Klein and Dieter Fensel and Atanas Kiryakov and Damyan Ognyanov", title = "Ontology Versioning and Change Detection on the Web", booktitle = "13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW02)", month = oct # "~1--4,", year = "2002", address = "Sig{\"u}enza, Spain", series = "LNCS", number = "2473", pages = "197 ff", abstract = "To effectively use ontologies on the Web, it is essential that changes in ontologies are managed well. This paper analyzes the topic of ontology versioning in the context of the Web by looking at the characteristics of the version relation between ontologies and at the identification of online ontologies. Then, it describes the design of a web-based system that helps users to manage changes in ontologies. The system helps to keep different versions of web-based ontologies interoperable, by maintaining not only the transformations between ontologies, but also the conceptual relation between concepts in different versions. The system allows ontology engineers to compare versions of ontology and to specify these conceptual relations. For the visualization of differences, it uses an adaptable rule-based mechanism that finds and classifies changes in RDF-based ontologies.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/EKAW02.pdf", }
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M. Klein, "Interpreting XML via an RDF Schema," in ECAI workshop on Semantic Authoring, Annotation \& Knowledge Markup (SAAKM 2002), Lyon, France, 2002.
@InProceedings{ECAI02-SAAKM,
author = "Michel Klein", title = "Interpreting {XML} via an {RDF} Schema", booktitle = "ECAI workshop on Semantic Authoring, Annotation \& Knowledge Markup (SAAKM 2002)", month = jul # "~23,", year = "2002", address = "Lyon, France", abstract = "One of the major problems in the realization of the vision of the ``Semantic Web'; is the transformation of existing web data into sources that can be processed and used by machines. This paper presents a procedure that can be used to turn XML documents into knowledge structures, by interpreting them as RDF data via an RDF-Schema specification. This allows semantic annotation of XML documents via external RDF-Schema specifications. This procedure could potentially multiply the availability of semantically annotated data.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/ECAI02-SAAKM.pdf", }
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M. Klein, A. Kiryakov, D. Ognyanov, and D. Fensel, "Finding and Characterizing Changes in Ontologies," in Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER2002), Tampere, Finland, 2002, pp. 79-89.
@InProceedings{ER2002,
author = "Michel Klein and Atanas Kiryakov and Damyan Ognyanov and Dieter Fensel", title = "Finding and Characterizing Changes in Ontologies", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER2002)", month = oct # "~7--11,", year = "2002", address = "Tampere, Finland", series = "LNCS", number = "2503", pages = "79--89", abstract = "Recently, the interest in the use of ontologies---which can be seen as formal representations of conceptual models---has increased because of the excitement about the vision of a Semantic Web. When ontologies are used on the web, the distributed and dynamic nature of it requires advanced support for change management. This paper discusses the working of OntoView, a web-based change management system for ontologies. OntoView provides a transparent interface to different versions of ontologies, by maintaining not only the transformations between them, but also the conceptual relation between concepts in different versions. It uses several rules to find changes in ontologies and it visualizes them---and some of their possible consequences---in the file representations. The user is able to specify the conceptual implication of the differences, which allows the interoperability of data that is described by the ontologies. This paper briefly describes the system and presents the mechanism that we used to find and classify changes in RDFS / DAML ontologies. It also shows how users can specify the conceptual implication of changes to help interoperability.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/ER2002.pdf", }
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M. Klein, D. Fensel, A. Kiryakov, and D. Ognyanov, "OntoView: Comparing and Versioning Ontologies," in Collected Posters ISWC 2002, Sardinia, Italy, 2002.
@InProceedings{ISWC02-poster,
author = "Michel Klein and Dieter Fensel and Atanas Kiryakov and Damyan Ognyanov", title = "OntoView: Comparing and Versioning Ontologies", booktitle = "Collected Posters ISWC 2002", month = jun, year = "2002", address = "Sardinia, Italy", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/ISWC02-poster.pdf", }
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M. Klein and D. Fensel, "Ontology versioning for the Semantic Web," in Proceedings of the First International Semantic Web Working Symposium (SWWS), Stanford University, California, USA, 2001, pp. 75-91.
@InProceedings{SWWS01,
author = "Michel Klein and Dieter Fensel", title = "Ontology versioning for the {S}emantic {W}eb", booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Semantic Web Working Symposium (SWWS)", address = "Stanford University, California, USA", month = jul # "~30 -- " # aug # "~1,", pages = "75--91", year = "2001", abstract = "Ontologies are often seen as basic building blocks for the Semantic Web, as they provide a reusable piece of knowledge about a specific domain. However, those pieces of knowledge are not static, but evolve over time. Domain changes, adaptations to different tasks, or changes in the conceptualization require modifications of the ontology. The evolution of ontologies causes operability problems, which will hamper their effective reuse. A versioning mechanism might help to reduce those problems, as it will make the relations between different revisions of an ontology explicit. This paper will discuss the problem of ontology versioning. Inspired by the work done in database schema versioning and program interface versioning, it will also propose building blocks for the most important aspects of a versioning mechanism, i.e., ontology identification and change specification.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/SWWS01.pdf", }
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J. Broekstra, M. Klein, S. Decker, D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, and I. Horrocks, "Enabling knowledge representation on the Web by extending RDF Schema," in Proceedings of the 10th World Wide Web conference, Hong Kong, China, 2001, pp. 467-478.
@InProceedings{WWW01,
author = "Jeen Broekstra and Michel Klein and Stefan Decker and Dieter Fensel and Frank van Harmelen and Ian Horrocks", title = "Enabling knowledge representation on the Web by extending {RDF} Schema", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 10th World Wide Web conference", month = may # "~1--5,", year = "2001", pages = "467--478", address = "Hong Kong, China", publisher = "ACM Press", abstract = "Recently, there has been a wide interest in using ontologies on the Web. As a basis for this, RDF Schema (RDFS) provides means to define vocabulary, structure and constraints for expressing metadata about Web resources. However, formal semantics are not provided, and the expressivity of it is not enough for full-fledged ontological modeling and reasoning. In this paper, we will show how RDFS can be extended in such a way that a full knowledge representation (KR) language can be expressed in it, thus enriching it with the required additional expressivity and the semantics of this language. We do this by describing the ontology language OIL as an extension of RDFS. An important benefit of our approach is that it ensures maximal sharing of meta-data on the Web: even partial interpretation of an OIL ontology by less semantically aware processors will yield a correct partial interpretation of the meta-data. We conclude that our method of extending is equally applicable to other KR formalisms.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/WWW01.pdf", URL = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/371920.372105", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/www10/", }
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M. Klein, "Combining and relating ontologies: an analysis of problems and solutions," in Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing, IJCAI’01, Seattle, USA, 2001.
@InProceedings{IJCAI01-ws,
author = "Michel Klein", title = "Combining and relating ontologies: an analysis of problems and solutions", editor = "Asuncion Gomez-Perez and Michael Gruninger and Heiner Stuckenschmidt and Michael Uschold", booktitle = "Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing, IJCAI'01", month = aug # "~4--5,", year = "2001", address = "Seattle, USA", abstract = "With the grown availability of large and specialized online ontologies, the questions about the combined use of independently developed ontologies have become even more important. Although there is already a lot of research done in this area, there are still many open questions. In this paper we try to classify the problems that may arise into a common framework. We then use that framework to examine several projects that aim at some ontology combination task, thus sketching the state of the art. We conclude with an overview of the different approaches and some recommandations for future research.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/IJCAI01-ws.pdf", }
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D. Fensel, I. Horrocks, F. van Harmelen, S. Decker, M. Erdmann, and M. Klein, "OIL in a Nutshell," in Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management; Methods, Models and Tools, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference EKAW 2000, Juan-les-Pins, France, 2000, pp. 1-16.
@InProceedings{EKAW00, title = "{OIL} in a Nutshell",
author = "Dieter Fensel and Ian Horrocks and Frank van Harmelen and Stefan Decker and Michael Erdmann and Michel Klein", booktitle = "Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management; Methods, Models and Tools, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference EKAW 2000", editor = "Rose Dieng and Olivier Corby", address = "Juan-les-Pins, France", year = "2000", month = oct # "~2--6,", series = "LNCS", number = "1937", publisher = "Springer-Verlag", pages = "1--16", abstract = "Currently computers are changing from single isolated devices into entry points into a worldwide network of information exchange and business transactions. Support in data, information, and knowledge exchange is becoming the key issue in current computer technology. Ontologies will play a major role in supporting information exchange processes in various areas. A prerequisite for such a role is the development of a joint standard for specifying and exchanging ontologies. The purpose of the paper is precisely concerned with this necessity. We will present OIL, which is a proposal for such a standard. It is based on existing proposals such as OKBC, XOL and RDF schema, enriching them with necessary features for expressing ontologies. The paper sketches the main ideas of OIL.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/EKAW00.pdf", }
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M. Klein, D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, and I. Horrocks, "The Relation between Ontologies and Schema-Languages: Translating OIL-Specifications in XML-Schema," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Ontologies and Problem-solving Methods, 14th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2000), Berlin, Germany, 2000.
@InProceedings{ECAI00-ws,
author = "Michel Klein and Dieter Fensel and Frank van Harmelen and Ian Horrocks", title = "The Relation between Ontologies and Schema-Languages: Translating {OIL}-Specifications in {XML}-Schema", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Ontologies and Problem-solving Methods, 14th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence ({ECAI} 2000)", editor = "V. R. Benjamins and A. Gomez-Perez and N. Guarino", address = "Berlin, Germany", month = aug # "~21--22,", year = "2000", abstract = "Currently computers are changing from single isolated devices to entry points in a world wide network of information exchange and business transactions called the World Wide Web (WWW). Therefore support in data, information, and knowledge exchange becomes the key issue in current computer technology. Ontologies provide a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated between people and application systems. Therefore, they may play a major role in supporting information exchange processes in various areas. However, in order to develop their full power, the representation languages for ontologies must be comparative with existing data exchange standards in the World Wide Web. Therefore, we compare the two main standardization efforts in these areas. We will compare OIL the arising standard for exchanging ontologies with XML schemas which is the arising standard for describing structure and semantics of Web documents.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/ECAI00-ws.pdf", }
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J. Broekstra, M. Klein, S. Decker, D. Fensel, and I. Horrocks, "Adding formal semantics to the Web: building on top of RDF Schema," in Electronic proceedings of the ECDL 2000 Workshop on the Semantic Web, Lisbon, Portugal, 2000.
@InProceedings{semweb00,
author = "Jeen Broekstra and Michel Klein and Stefan Decker and Dieter Fensel and Ian Horrocks", title = "Adding formal semantics to the Web: building on top of {RDF} Schema", year = "2000", month = sep # "~21,", address = "Lisbon, Portugal", booktitle = "Electronic proceedings of the ECDL 2000 Workshop on the Semantic Web", abstract = "RDF Schema provides means to define vocabulary, structure and constraints for expressing metadata about Web resources. However, formal semantics for the primitives defined in RDF Schema are not provided, and the expressivity of these primitives is not enough for full-fledged ontological modeling and reasoning. To perform these tasks, an additional layer on top of RDF Schema is needed. In this paper, we will show how RDF Schema can be extended in such a way that a full knowledge representation language can be expressed in it, thus enriching it with the required additional expressivity and the semantics of this language. We do this by describing the ontology language OIL as an extension of RDF Schema. First, we give a short introduction to both RDF Schema and OIL. We then proceed to define a Schema to express OIL ontologies in RDF, where the aim is to use existing RDF terminology where possible, and extending RDF(S) where necessary. The result is an RDF Schema definition of OIL primitives, which allows one to express any OIL ontology in RDF syntax, thus enabling the added benefits of OIL, such as reasoning support and formal semantics, to be used on the Web. We conclude that our method of extending is equally applicable to other knowledge representation formalisms.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/semweb00.pdf", }
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D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, M. Klein, H. Akkermans, J. Broekstra, C. Fluit, J. van der Meer, H. Schnurr, R. Studer, J. Hughes, U. Krohn, J. Davies, R. Engels, B. Bremdal, F. Ygge, T. Lau, B. Novotny, U. Reimer, and I. Horrocks, "On-To-Knowledge: Ontology-based Tools for Knowledge Management," in Proceedings of the eBusiness and eWork 2000 (EMMSEC 2000) Conference, Madrid, Spain, 2000.
@InProceedings{eBeW00,
author = "Dieter Fensel and Frank van Harmelen and Michel Klein and Hans Akkermans and Jeen Broekstra and Christiaan Fluit and Jos van der Meer and Hans-Peter Schnurr and Rudi Studer and John Hughes and Uwe Krohn and John Davies and Robert Engels and Bernt Bremdal and Fredrik Ygge and Thorsten Lau and Bernd Novotny and Ulrich Reimer and Ian Horrocks", title = "On-To-Knowledge: Ontology-based Tools for Knowledge Management", booktitle = "Proceedings of the {eBusiness} and {eWork} 2000 ({EMMSEC} 2000) Conference", year = "2000", address = "Madrid, Spain", month = oct # "~18--20,", abstract = "On-To-Knowledge, the European EU-IST project No. 10132, builds an ontology-based tool environment to perform knowledge management, dealing with the large numbers of heterogeneous, distributed, and semi-structured documents typically found in large company intranets and the World-Wide Web. Results aimed for by the project are: (1) a toolset for semantic information processing and user access; (2) OIL, an ontology-based inference layer on top of the World-Wide Web; (3) an associated methodology; (4) validation by industrial case studies. This paper gives an overview of the On-To-Knowledge approach to knowledge management.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/eBeW00.pdf", }
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S. Decker, D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, I. Horrocks, S. Melnik, M. Klein, and J. Broekstra, "Knowledge Representation on the Web," in Proceedings of the 2000 International Workshop on Description Logics (DL2000), Aachen, Germany, 2000.
@InProceedings{DL00,
author = "Stefan Decker and Dieter Fensel and Frank van Harmelen and Ian Horrocks and Sergey Melnik and Michel Klein and Jeen Broekstra", title = "Knowledge Representation on the Web", editor = "Franz Baader and Ulrike Sattler", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2000 International Workshop on Description Logics ({DL2000})", month = aug # "~17--19,", year = "2000", address = "Aachen, Germany", abstract = "Exploiting the full potential of the World Wide Web will require semantic as well as syntactic interoperability. This can best be achieved by providing a further representation and inference layer that builds on existing and proposed web standards. The OIL language extends the RDF schema standard to pro-vide just such a layer. It combines the most attractive features of frame based languages with the expressive power, formal rigour and reasoning services of a very expressive description logic.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/DL00.pdf", }
Others
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J. Breuker, P. Casanovas, M. C. A. Klein, and E. Francesconi, "The Flood, the Channels and the Dykes: Managing Legal Information in a Globalized and Digital World." Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008, pp. 3-18.
@InBook{SW4Law-intro, title = "The Flood, the Channels and the Dykes: Managing Legal Information in a Globalized and Digital World",
author = "Joost Breuker and Pompeu Casanovas and Michel C. A. Klein and Enrico Francesconi", booktitle = "Law, Ontologies and the Semantic Web", publisher = "IOS Press", address = "Amsterdam", year = "2008", pages = "3--18", month = nov, abstract = "Information search and retrieval are part of daily routines of the legal profession. Lawyers, judges, prosecutors, and legal clerks usually access a number of electronic resources to browse, search, select, or update legal contents. Legal databases have currently become large digital libraries where the tasks related to information-seeking may sometimes be cumbersome. Adding semantics to support information search may provide significant results in terms of efficiency, efficacy, and user satisfaction. Semantic technologies may be able to improve legal information search in the judicial and lawyers' domains. However, legal professionals sometimes prefer following routines than changing their information search behavior. New trends in legal ontologies and Semantic Web technologies may help to improve both professional and laymen's skills.", URL = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/978-1-58603-942-4-3", }
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Law, Ontologies and the Semantic Web – Channelling the Legal Information Flood, Breuker, J., Casanovas, P., Klein, M. C. A., and Francesconi, E., Eds., Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008, vol. 188.
@Book{SW4Law-book, title = "Law, Ontologies and the Semantic Web - Channelling the Legal Information Flood", editor = "Joost Breuker and Pompeu Casanovas and Michel C. A. Klein and Enrico Francesconi", publisher = "IOS Press", address = "Amsterdam", year = "2008", month = nov, series = "Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications", volume = "188", ISBN = "1-58603-942-4", URL = "http://www.booksonline.iospress.nl/Content/View.aspx?piid=10995", }
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M. Klein, "Change Management for Distributed Ontologies," PhD Thesis , 2004.
@PhdThesis{thesis,
author = "Michel Klein", title = "Change Management for Distributed Ontologies", school = "Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam", year = "2004", month = aug, ISBN = "90-9018400-7", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/thesis/", }
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Knowledge Transformation for the Semantic Web, Omelayenko, B. and Klein, M., Eds., IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2003, vol. 95.
@Book{KTSW, title = "Knowledge Transformation for the Semantic Web", series = "Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications", volume = "95", editor = "Borys Omelayenko and Michel Klein", year = "2003", ISBN = "1-58603-325-5", publisher = "IOS Press, Amsterdam", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~borys/ktsw/", }
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M. Klein, "Knowledge Annotation for the Semantic Web," , Handschuh, S. and Staab, S., Eds., IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2003.
@InBook{KA-book,
author = "Michel Klein", chapter = "Interpreting {XML} via an {RDF} Schema", title = "Knowledge Annotation for the Semantic Web", editor = "Siegfried Handschuh and Steffen Staab", year = "2003", publisher = "IOS Press, Amsterdam", abstract = "One of the major problems in the realization of the vision of the ``Semantic Web''; is the transformation of existing web data into sources that can be processed and used by machines. This paper presents a procedure that can be used to turn XML documents into knowledge structures, by interpreting them as RDF data via an RDF-Schema specification. This allows semantic annotation of XML documents via external RDF-Schema specifications. This procedure could potentially multiply the availability of semantically annotated data.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/ECAI02-SAAKM.pdf", }
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M. Klein, J. Broekstra, D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, and I. Horrocks, "Spinning the Semantic Web," , Fensel, D., Hendler, J., Liebermann, H., and Wahlster, W., Eds., The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2003, pp. 95-139.
@InBook{MIT-book,
author = "Michel Klein and Jeen Broekstra and Dieter Fensel and Frank van Harmelen and Ian Horrocks", chapter = "4: Ontologies and schema languages on the Web", title = "Spinning the Semantic Web", editor = "Dieter Fensel and James Hendler and Henry Liebermann and Wolfgang Wahlster", publisher = "The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts", pages = "95--139", year = "2003", abstract = "Support in the exchange of data, information, and knowledge is becoming a key issue in current computer technology. Ontologies may play a major role in supporting the information exchange processes, as they provide a shared and common understanding of a domain. However, it is still an important question how ontologies can be applied fruitfully to online resources. Therefore, we will investigate the relation between ontology representation languages and schema languages on the web. We will do this by describing XML Schema and RDF Schema, and compare them with and relate them to the ontology language OIL. We will show how both XML Schema as RDF Schema can be used to semantically found online resources. We will do this by providing an translation procedure from an OIL ontology to a specific XML Schema, and a mechanism to extend the RDF Schema language to capture the full expressiveness of an ontology.", }
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M. Klein, Y. Ding, D. Fensel, and B. Omelayenko, "Towards The Semantic Web: Ontology-Driven Knowledge Management," , Davies, J., Fensel, D., and van Harmelen, F., Eds., John Wiley \& Sons, 2002.
@InBook{OTK-book,
author = "Michel Klein and Ying Ding and Dieter Fensel and Borys Omelayenko", chapter = "5: Ontology management - Storing, aligning and maintaining ontologies", title = "Towards The Semantic Web: Ontology-Driven Knowledge Management", editor = "John Davies and Dieter Fensel and Frank van Harmelen", publisher = "John Wiley \& Sons", year = "2002", ISBN = "0-470-84867-7", }
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D. Fensel, B. Omelayenko, Y. Ding, M. Klein, A. Flett, E. Schulten, G. Botquin, M. Brown, and G. Dabiri, Intelligent Information Integration in B2B Electronic Commerce, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, vol. 710.
@Book{CM-book, title = "Intelligent Information Integration in {B2B} Electronic Commerce",
author = "Dieter Fensel and Borys Omelayenko and Ying Ding and Michel Klein and Alan Flett and Ellen Schulten and Guy Botquin and Mike Brown and Gloria Dabiri", publisher = "Kluwer Academic Publishers", address = "Boston", year = "2002", month = nov, series = "The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science", volume = "710", ISBN = "1-4020-7190-6", abstract = "Internet and web technology penetrates many aspects of our daily life. Its importance as a medium for business transactions will grow exponentially during the next few years. In terms of the involved market volume, the B2B area will hereby be the most interesting area. Also, it will be the place, where the new technology will lead to drastic changes in established customer relationships and business models. In an era where open and flexible electronic commerce provides new types of services to its users, simple 1-1 connections will be replaced by n-m relationships between customers and vendors. This new flexibility in electronic trading will generate serious challenges. The main problem stems from the heterogeneity of information descriptions used by vendors and customers, creating problems in both manual trading and in direct 1-1 electronic trading. In the case of B2B market places, it becomes too serious to be neglected. Product descriptions, catalog formats and business documents are often unstructured and non-standardized. Intelligent solutions that mechanize the structuring, standardizing, aligning, and personalizing process are a key requisite for successfully overcoming the current bottlenecks of B2B electronic commerce while enabling its further growth. Intelligent Information Integration in B2B Electronic Commerce discusses the main problems of information integration in this area and sketches several technological solution paths. Intelligent Information Integration in B2B Electronic Commerce is designed to meet the needs of a professional audience composed of researchers and practitioners in industry and graduate level students in Computer Science.", URL = "http://www.wkap.nl/prod/b/1-4020-7190-6", }
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N. F. Noy and M. Klein, "Ontology Evolution: Not the Same as Schema Evolution," Stanford Medical Informatics, SMI-2002-0926, 2002.
@TechReport{ver,
author = "Natalya F. Noy and Michel Klein", title = "Ontology Evolution: Not the Same as Schema Evolution", year = "2002", institution = "Stanford Medical Informatics", number = "SMI-2002-0926", note = "submitted", abstract = "As ontology development becomes a more ubiquitous and collaborative process, ontology versioning and evolution becomes an important area of ontology research. The many similarities between database-schema evolution and ontology evolution will allow us to build on the extensive research in schema evolution. However, there are also important differences between database schemas and ontologies. The differences stem from different usage paradigms, the presence of explicit semantics, and different knowledge models. A lot of problems that existed only in theory in database research come to the forefront as practical problems in ontology evolution. These differences have important implications for the development of ontologyevolution frameworks: The traditional distinction between versioning and evolution is not applicable to ontologies. There are several dimensions along which compatibility between versions must be considered. The set of change operations for ontologies is difference. We must develop automatic techniques for finding similarities and differences between versions.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/NoyKlein.pdf", }
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I. Horrocks, D. Fensel, J. Broekstra, S. Decker, M. Erdmann, C. Goble, F. van Harmelen, M. Klein, S. Staab, R. Studer, and E. Motta, "OIL: The Ontology Inference Layer," Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Sciences, IR-479, 2000.
@TechReport{OIL-TR,
author = "Ian Horrocks and Dieter Fensel and Jeen Broekstra and Stefan Decker and Michael Erdmann and Carole Goble and Frank van Harmelen and Michel Klein and Steffen Staab and Rudi Studer and Enrico Motta", title = "{OIL: The Ontology Inference Layer}", institution = "Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Sciences", note = "See http://www.ontoknowledge.org/oil/", month = sep, number = "IR-479", year = "2000", abstract = "Currently computers are changing from single isolated devices to entry points in a world wide network of information exchange and business transactions. Therefore, support in data, information, and knowledge exchange becomes the key issue in current computer technology. Ontologies provide a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated across people and application systems. Therefore, they will play a major role in supporting information exchange processes in various areas. However, a prerequisite for such a role is the development of a joint standard for specifying and exchanging ontologies. The purpose of the paper is precisely concerned with this necessity. We will present the Ontology Interchange Language OIL which is a proposal for such a standard. It is based on existing proposals such as OKBC and XOL and enrich them with necessary features for expressing ontologies based on Description Logic. The paper presents motivation, underlying rationale, modeling primitives, syntax, semantics, and tool environment of OIL. With OIL, we want to make a proposal opening the discussing process that may lead to a useful and well defined consensus of a large community making use of such an approach.", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mcaklein/papers/OIL-TR.pdf", URL = "http://www.cs.vu.nl/~dieter/oil/Tr/oil.pdf", }
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H. Stuckenschmidt, F. van Harmelen, D. Fensel, M. Klein, and I. Horrocks, "Catalogue Integration: A Case Study in Ontology-Based Semantic Translation," Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, IR-474, 2000.
@TechReport{Heiner-TR, title = "Catalogue Integration: {A} Case Study in Ontology-Based Semantic Translation",
author = "Heiner Stuckenschmidt and Frank van Harmelen and Dieter Fensel and Michel Klein and Ian Horrocks", pages = "100", year = "2000", month = may, number = "IR-474", institution = "Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam", abstract = "The context of the research at the Free University is the European project ''On-To-Knowledge'' (http://www.ontoknowledge.org) whose goal is to provide support for efficient and effective knowledge management. The scope of the project are weakly structured information sources in the internet. The approach of the project is to use ontologies to provide explicitly available semantic information about information sources in order to support the acquisition, maintenance and access to these information sources. Background of the research at the center for computing technologies is the Project INTEREC-IIC Project ''DataShare''. The goal of this project is to provide intelligent support for processes concerned with environmental protection. Scope of the work at the center for computing technologies is a common access to available information sources throughout the whole process. The main problem occurring in this context is the heterogeneity of the information needed in a process.", URL = "http://www.ontoknowledge.org/oil/downl/CatIntegr.pdf", }
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H. Stuckenschmidt and M. Klein, "Reasoning and change management in modular ontologies," Data Knowledge Engineering (DKE), vol. 63, iss. 2, pp. 200-223, 2007.